
B? 



Mme, I temeiiliers Bourckai? 







Class f CZiil 
Bookv/ T73/5" 



GpightK 



COEHUGHT DEPOSIT! 



PREPARATORY 
FRENCH COURSE 



By 

Mme. Demeilliers Bourdeau 

Teacher 

OF 

FRENCH 



Stickney School 

CHICAGO 



W 



J. Z. BOURDEAU, PUBLISHER 
CHICAGO 



— fC' 



Copyright, 1921 

BY 

Mme. demeilliers bourdeau 



DEC 19 1921 



©CLA653164 



PREFACE 

The aim of this Preparatory French Course is to facilitate 
the study of the French language for English speaking child- 
ren and other English speaking beginners. 

The book is written as the result of a need for this particu- 
lar course to teach French to pupils not far enough advanced 
in the knowledge of grammar to take an interest in the books 
used at the present time. The pupils are given a good foun- 
dation in the language with the use of a simple, clear and 
precise method. 

In the first part, intended especially for children, rules of 
grammar and complicated explanations are omitted. Notes 
for the use of the teacher, exercises, drills for pronunciation 
and expressions necessary for practice in easy conversation 
are given. 

In the second part, after the pupils have acquired a clear 
pronunciation and an ample vocabulary, the grammar is giver 
as the need for it occurs, with short explanations and illus- 
trations followed by sentences for practical application of 
each rule in conversation and writing. 

The time of the teacher is not spent in preparing drills and 
exercises. There are syllabic drills and lists of many words 
made up of given syllables, for practice in pronunciation. 
There are also a few anecdotes, fables and proverbs. There 
are given, both in French and English, the four regular con- 
jugations, a list of irregular verbs, including the reflexive, 



PREFACE 

and y avoir, because of its common use. 

The gender of French words has always been a stumbling 
block for pupils. To overcome this the vocabulary is divided 
in two columns. The masculine, noun, article or adjective, 
is always on one side of the page and the feminine on the 
other. This arrangement facilitates memorizing by appealing 
at the same time to the reason and to the eye. 

Expressions and words not having gender, verbs, preposi- 
tions and so forth, are given as heading at the beginning of 
each lesson and are not found in the vocabulary. 

The sentences for illustration and practice in this book are 
such as are used in every day conversation, so that pupils 
need not feel that they are learning a useless vocabulary, but 
may find the study of this beautiful language a practical and 
interesting work, instead of a tedious and unattractive task. 

B. D. B. 



Preparatory French Course 



CONTENTS 



FIRST PART 



Orthograhic Signs 
Punctuation Marks 
The Alphabet 
Syllabic Practice 
Nasal Sounds 
Words for Practice 



Premiere 

Deuxieme 

Troisieme 

Quatrieme 

Cinquieme 

Sixieme 

Septieme 

Huitieme 

Neuvieme 

Dixieme 

Onzieme 

Douzieme 

Treizieme 

Quatorzieme 

Quinzieme 

Seizieme 

Dix-septieme 



Le9on 



1 

1 
2 
3 
5 
5 

12 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
23 
25 
26 



CONTENTS (Continued) 



Dix-huitieme Lecon 

Dix-neuvieme 

Vingtieme 

Vingt et unieme 

Vingt-deuxieme 

Vingt-troizieme 

Vingt-quatrieme 

Vingt-cinquieme 

Vingt-sixieme 

Vingt-septieme 

Vingt-huitieme 

Vingt-neuvidme 

Trentieme 



SECOND PART 



LESSONS 



1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



10. 

11. 

12. 



Definite Articles . 
Indefinite Articles . 
Contraction of the Definite Article 
Contraction of the Definite Article (continued) 
Nouns and Adjectives .... 
Plural of Nouns and Adjectives (continued) 
Demonstrative Adjectives .... 
Possessive Adjectives .... 

Demonstrative Pronouns 
Demonstrative Pronouns (continued) 
Possessive Pronouns .... 

Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs 



CONTENTS (Continued) 



LESSONS 


PAGE 


13. 


Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs (continued) 74 


14. 


Cardinal Numbers .... 


. 78 


15. 


Ordinal Numbers .... 


81 


16. 


Relative Pronouns .... 


85 


17. 


Intorrogative Pronouns and Adjectives 


. 88 


18. 


Personal Prononuns Objects 


. 93 


19. 


Disjunctive Pronouns 


. 96 


20. 


Verbs ,,,..., 


, 99 


21. 


Verbs (continued) 


. 104 


22. 


Verbs (continued) . . . 


. 108 


23. 


Verbs (continued) . 


. 112 


24. 


Verbs (continued) , 


, 118 


25. 


Intorrogative and Negative Verbs 


. 123 


26. 


Use of En and Y 


. 129 


27. 


Indefinite Pronouns 


. 133 


28. 


Verbs conjugated with Etre, and 






Passive Form of the Verbs 


. 137 


29. 


Idiomatic Uses of the Verbs . v . 


. 142 


30. 


Adverbs ,.,..., 


. 147 



THIRD PART 



Days of the week 

Months of the year 

Seasons 

Numbers 

Useful Expressions 

Avoir, To Have 

Etre, To be 



151 

151 
152 
152 
154 
157 
162 



Pronunciation 



a short has the sound of a in flat: la, ma, 
malade. 

a long and a have the sound of a in father: 
pas, las, ane, pale. 

e has the sound of a in fate: ete, repete. 

e has the sound of ai in fairy: mere, pres. 

e has the sound of e in egg: etre, pretre, tete. 

e mute, has the sound of e in the before a 
consonant as the boy: le, me, que; — at the end of 
the words of more than one syllable it is silent: 
le livre, la femme; — it is also generally silent 
before an accentuated syllable: avenue, av'nue, 
mademoiselle, mademoiselle ; — before silent 
final d, f, r, z, it has the sound of e: pied, clef, 
chanter, nez; — before a final consonant or a 
double consonant belonging to the same syllable 
it has the sound of e: mer, secret, jouet, belle, 
bee. 

i has the sound of ee in see: il, joli, fini. 

i has the sound of i in machine: ile, huitre. 



o short has the sound of o in not: col, rohe. 

o long and 6 have the sound of o in no: 
rose, chose, notre, role. 

o is silent in paon, Laon. 

u has no equivalent in English (German ti). 

In order to pronounce it, produce a whistle 
sound like ee in see: du, rue, venu. 



Compound Vowels 

ai has the sound of e at the end of a syllable: 
j'irai, j'ai, and also in je sais, tu sais, il sait. 

ais has the sound of e: j'avais, je donnerais. 

au, eau, have the sound of o: autre, beau. 

ei has the sound of e: reine, baleine. 

eu, oeu, have the sound of u in hurt: fleur, 
oeuf, soeur. 

ou has the sound of double oo in too: fou, 
boue. 

oi, oy, are nearly sounded like wah: moi, loi, 
villageois, royal. 



Nasal Sounds 

an, am, en, em, have the sound of an in want: 
dans, ambulance, enfant, emprunt. 

en is silent in the ending of the third person 
plural of all verbs: ils parlent, ils vendent. 

in, im, ain, aim, yn, ym, are nearly sounded 
like the an in bank: vin, impossible, pain, faim, 
syntaxe, symphonie. 

ien has nearly the sound of eean: bien, tiens, 
viens. 

on, om, have the sound of on in don't: bon, 
font, nom. 



Consonants 

Final consonants are generally silent except 
c, f, 1, r: sac, oeuf, sel, cher. 

c is hard like k before a, o, u, 1, r: caricature, 
collet, curiosite, clarte, creation. 

c is soft like s before e, i, y or with a cedilla: 
cela, citoyen, cypres, gar^on. 

ch has the sound of sh: chose, chercher. 



ch has the sound of k before a consonant 
and in most of the words derived from Greek: 
chretien, choeur, echo, chaos. 

g is hard like g in go before a, o, u and con- 
sonants: gage, gouter, guerre, grenier. 

g is soft like s in pleasure before e, i, y: gen- 
re, girafe, gymnastique. 

gn sounds like gn in mignonette: agneau, 
gagner. 

h is called mute when the final vowel of the 
preceeding word may be elided as rhomme, 
1'honneur. 

h is called aspirate when the elision does not 
take place: la haine, le herds; but in either 
case h is never sounded. 

j has the sound of s in pleasure: joli, jointure. 

eil and ill are generally liquid and have nearly 
the sound of y in yes: fille, famille, sommeil, 
soleil. However there is no liquid sound in 
ville, avril, and in words beginning with ill: 
illustre, illettre. 

p is silent in compte, temps, sept. 

ph has the sound of f: phrase, phare. 



qu has the sound of k: qui, quatre. 

s has the sound of s in so: sortir, statue. 

s between two vowels has the sound of s in 
please: voisin, base. 

s final is generally silent: les portes, les rues; 
it is sounded in blocus, obus, ours. 

t is generally sounded like t in tutor. Before 
words ending with ion, ial, iel, ieux, and a few 
words ending with ie, it has the sound of s: 
nation, partial, essentiel, ambitieux, inertie, ex- 
cept in verbs, and if s precedes the t: nous par- 
tions, indigestion, question. 

th has the sound of t: theatre, mathematique. 

x has the sound of s, in six, soixante, and of 
z in deuxieme, sixieme. 

y has the sound of ee in see: pays, style, and 
between two vowels it has the sound of y in 
yes: paye, nettoyer. 



□ 

DD 



First Part 



Orthographic Signs 



L'accent aigu (> ) 
L'accent grave (X) 
L'acc ent circonf lexe ( 
La cedille (») 
Le trema ( ■■ ) 
L'apostrophe (>) 
Le trait d'union (- ) 



The acute accent 


the 


The grave accent 


pere 


) The circumflex accent 


tete 


The cedilla 


garden 


The diaeresis 


mais 


The apostrophe 


l'enfant 


The hyphen 


ont-ils? 



Punctuation Marks 



Le point 

Le point et virgule 

Les deux points 

La virgule 

La parenthese 

Le trait or tiret 

Le point d'interrogation 
Le point d'exclamation 

Les guillemets 

1 



The full stop, period 
The semicolon 
The colon 
The comma 
The parenthesis 
The dash 

(The note of interrogation 
(The interrogation point 
jThe note of exclamation 
(The exclamation point 
jThe inverted commas 
(The quotation marks 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Alphabet 



A B 


C 


D 


E 


F 


ah bay 


say 


day 


ay 


etf 


G H 


I 


J 


K 


L 


zhay ash 


ee 


zhee 


kah 


ell 


M N 


O 


P 





R 


emm enn 


oh 


pay 


ku 


air 



S T U V W 

ess tay u vay double vay 

X Y Z 

iks eegrek zed 

Sounds 

A A E E E I G 6 

U AN ON UN IN EV 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Syllabic Practice 



ba 


be 


bi 


bo 


bu 


ba-ba> bo-bi-ne, bi-le 


ca 


ce 


ci 


CO 


CO 


ca-ba-le, ci-ta-di-ne 


da 


de 


di 


do 


du 


da-ti-ve* do-du, de-ci 


fa 


fe 


fi 


fo 


fu 


fa-ci-le^ fi-gu-re, fe-tu 


ga 


ge 


gi 


go 


gu 


ga-ge, ga-ba-ri, gi-te 


ha 


he 


hi 


ho 


hu 


ha-va-nej ho-no-re 


ja 


je 


ji 


jo 


ju 


jo-li, ju-ju-be, ju-ge 


ka 


ke 


ki 


ko 


ku 


ka-li, ki-lo, ke-pi 


la 


le 


li 


lo 


lu 


la-cu-ne, li-vi-de 


ma 


me 


mi 


mo 


mu 


ma-lwce, me-na-ce 


na 


ne 


ni 


no 


nu 


na-vi-re, no-ce, ni-ce 


pa 


pe 


pi 


PO 


pu 


pa-ro-le, pi-le, pi-re 


ra 


re 


ri 


ro 


ru 


ra-re, ri-re, ra-ma-^e 


sa 


se 


si 


so 


su 


sa-la-de, si-ci-le 


ta 


te 


ti 


to 


tu 


ta-pe, ti-ge, te-na-ce 


va 


ve 


vi 


vo 


vu 


va-se, vi-te, va-ri-ce 


ya 


ye 


yi 


yo 


yu 


yo-le, ye-ni-te 


za 


ze 


zi 


zo 


zu 


zi-be-li-ne, zo-ne 


bla 


ble 


bli 


bio 


blu 


blague, blocus, ble 


bra 


bre 


bri 


bro 


bru 


bras, brebis, bribe 


cha 


che 


chi 


cho 


chu 


charitable, chemise, chope 


cla 


cle 


cli 


clo 


clu 


classe, clerical, cloche 


era 


ere 


cri 


cro 


cru 


crabe, creneler, cruJ 


dra 


dre 


dri 


dro 


dru 


dragaje, dressoir, drolatique 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE. 



fla fie 

fra fre 

gna gne 

gra gre 

pla pie 

pra pre 

sea see 

sla sle 

sta ste 

tra tre 



fli flo flu 

fri fro fru 

gni gno gnu 

gri gro gru 

pli plo plu 

pri pro pru 

sci seo scu 

sli slo slu 

sti sto stu 

tri tro tru 



flacon, flore, fluide 
fragile, frivole, frugale 
gagne, gnostic, gnome 
grade, grenade, grimace 
platane, plenitude, pluralite 
pratique, precoce, primitive 
scarabee, scie, sculpteur 
slave, sloupe, slavonie 
stage, sterile, stimuler 
trace, trepas, tribu 



beu bieu boi bou beurre, bouche, bois 

ceu cieu coi cou ceux, cieux, coiffe 

deu dieu doi dou deux, dieux, doux 

feu fieu foi fou feuille, foix, four, foire 

geu gieu goi gou goujat, goitre, courageux 

heu hieu hoi hou heureux, hoir, houleux 

jeu jieu joi jou jeudi, joie, joujou 

leu lieu loi lou leur, loisir, loup, lieur 

meu mieu moi mou meule, mieux, moule 

neu nieu noi nou neutre, noisetier, noueux 

peu pieu poi pou pieu, poignet, poudre 

reu rieu roi rou rieuse, roitelet, rouge 

seu sieu soi sou seul, soie, soulager 

teu tieu toi tou teuton, toile, toujours 

veu vieu voi vou vieux, voiture, vouloir 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Nasal Sounds 



an 


am 


en 


em 


aim 


ain 


eim 


ein 


ien 


im 


in 


oin 


on 


om 


un 


urn 


yen 


yn 


ym 





an, am-poule, en-fant, embon-point 
faim, pain, Reims, peindre 
bien, impression, infatigable, point 
canton, ombre, brun, humble 
citoyen, syncope, sympathie 



Words for Practice 

Abandon, abandonner, abat-jour, abbaye, 
abbe, abdication, abecedaire, abimer, abolir, 
aborder, abordage, aboutir, abricot, abricotier, 
absent, absoudre, absurde, academicien, acaria- 
tre, accabler, acclimater, accomplir, accord, 
accorder, accoster, accourir, accuser, adapter, 
adepte, adjoint, admettre, adopter, adroitement, 
affiche, affliger, affoler, affronter, affreux, 
agacer, aga9ant, agraver, agiter. 

Agonie, agoniser, agrandir, agreable, agrega- 
tion, aigrir, aiguillonner, ainsi, ajourner, alcove, 
alentour, alerte, algarade, aliener, aligner, ali- 
ment, allegeance, allegresse, allusion, alors, 
amaigrir, ambulant, ame, ancre, animal, annu- 
aire, anonyme, apotre, apporter, approfondir, 



6 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

approximativement, arabique, arbuste, ardem- 
ment, argent, arithmetique, armateur, arranger, 
arrondir, arrosoir, attendre, atteindre. 

Aussi, aupres, avenue, azote, bachelier, ba- 
daud, bague, baigner, bambin, banc, baquet, 
bardeau, bas, basse-cour, bateau, baton, battre, 
beau, bebe, bee, bedouin, beffroi, bete, bienfait, 
billard, biscuit, boeuf, boeufs, bord, bonheur, 
boulanger, bouillon, bouteille, brique, brosse, 
cacher, claquer, chaleur, chambre, chef, che- 
min, chez, choix, chomage, chose, ciel, chu- 
choter, cingler, cinquante. 

Circonstance, circonspection, cirque, client, 
clientele, cloison, cohorte, commerce, commu- 
niquer, comprendre, complainte, concierge, 
concret, conduite, confiance, congres, consa- 
crer, conseil, consulter, contagion, contre, con- 
troler, convaincre, copieusement, coquette, cor- 
beille, condition, couloir, coupable, couronner, 
couvrir, cramponner, crapaud, createur, credit, 
crier, croquer, cuirasse, cuisine. 

Cueilkr, cruelle, cure, curieux, davantage, 
debarquer, dechanger, defricher, degenerer, 
degrader, descendre, dessein, detester, discuter, 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 7 

distribution, doigt, dresser, droguer, droit, 
ebouler, ebruiter, ecariier, echauffer, echeance, 
echouer, ecouter, e.iacer, effectuer, efficace, 
egarer, egard, egayer, egratigner, election, elec- 
triser, eloigner, embarquer, embellir, embrouil- 
ler, embusquer, emeuter. 

Emmenager, empeigne, emplatre, emporter, 
enfant, epaule, epervier, epreuve, equilibre, 
esclave, escorter, estomac, evaporation, exhi- 
ber, exiger, exploiter, exquis, exterieui;, fa- 
cher, facteur, faim, faible, falaise, fatigue, 
faute, fenetre, feuille, feu, fiel, figue, fin, flam- 
me, foin, foie, flute, forme, fourbe, fourrure, 
fraise, franc, frere, fuir, fuite, gagner, gant, 
gare, gaulois, geographie. 

Gibier, glace, glorieux, gloire, gorge, gour- 
mandise, gouverneur, grabat, grain, grappe, 
gravure, gre, grillage, gros, grossir, guerir, 
guerre, guet, guide, habiter, haine, hameau, 
haricot, hardi, hardiment, herbe, hier, heure, 
honte, huile, idee, idiot, idolatre, impolitesse, 
importance, imposition, incomparable, indi- 
gner, indigestion, indiquer, industrieux, infli- 
ger, infructueux, ingenieux. 



8 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Insidieux, insigne, insistance, insolvable, 
inspiration, intriguer, introduire, inviter, irri- 
ter, irrigation, ivoire, ivrogne, jacinthe, jalouse, 
jambon, jardin, jeudi, jeune, joindre, jouer, 
jouir, journal, jury, jus, justifier, juxtaposer, 
labiale, labyrinthe, lac, lacher, laconisme, la- 
crymatoire, ladre, laid, lait, lambris, lampe, 
lanterne, langue, lapin, large, layette, lazariste, 
liberal, lier, lieu, lieue. 

Ligne, lion, linge, losange, loup, lune, lyris- 
me, ma9on, magasin, maigre, main, malheu- 
reux, malpropre, manoeuvre, marbre, mariage, 
martyr, masculin, mauvais, melancolique, men- 
tir, mere, messe, mettre, mieux, milieu, mi- 
roir, moins, monde, monter, mordre, musicien, 
mystere, myope, nain, naitre, naturel, naufra- 
ge, neant, nettoyer, nez, noeud, nom, non, 
nombre, nouer, nous, nuage. 

Nuire, objet, obligatoire, obligeant, oblique, 
obscur, obscurite, obstacle, occasion, octroi, 
odieux, oeil, oeillet, oeuf, oeufs, oeuvre, offi- 
cier, offrir, oiseau, ongle, opiniatre, opinion, 
opposition, orage, oraison, orgue, origine, os- 
cillation, oseille, oui, outre, oxygene, paillasse, 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 9 

paille, pain, paix, palmier, pampre, panache, 
panier, pantheon, papier, parcourir, paresseux, 
partie, passion, patisserie. 

Patrimoine, pays, peine, pendre, perdre, per- 
vers, perspective, perte, peu, peut-etre, peuple, 
phrase, phrygien, phylloxera, piano, pied, 
pieux, pincer, pitie, pitoyable, piste, plaider, 
plan, plancher, pleurer, pluie, pointe, pom- 
peux, porte, postiche, pourparler, precieux, 
precipice, prejudice, prodigalite, produire, 
profiter, promettre, propos, puissance, puiser, 
punir, pur, quadruple. 

Quadrupede, qualite, quart, quatriement, 
quenouille, querelle, quinzaine, racheter, rac- 
courcir, raffiner, raillerie, ramper, ran^on, 
rapatrier, rapport, rassasier, rateau, rayon, re- 
calcitrant, receler, reception, recevoir, reclu- 
sion, recolter, reconnaitre, reconstruire, recrea- 
tif, recreer, recriminer, redhibition, rediger, 
reflection, regayer, religieux, rembarquer, rem- 
placer, remonter, renforcer. 

Rentrer, reprehensible, resistible, respecter, 



10 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

retordre, retrecissement, retrograder, rincer, 
rivaliser, roc, rogner, rondement, rouet, roue- 
rie, rouleau, route, rubis, rue, rythme, sac, 
sacrifier, sacrilege, saigner, saison, salmis, salon, 
salve, sans-souci, sardine, sauter, sauce, sauveur, 
savoir, scandaleux, scalper, sceau, scelerat, 
sciage, scie, scolaire, scorie, scrupule, seance, 
seduire, seigneur, sel. 

Semblable, s^ns, sensation, sept, signifier, 
silence, sinistre, soie, soi, soigner, sommeil, 
songe, sort, sottise, sou, souffler, souffrant, 
source, souscription, specification, special, spe- 
cialite, sphere, spheriste, sphinx, spirite, spiri- 
tuel, splendeur, splendide, stagnant, station, 
stenographe, stoicien, stoi'que, stupeur, stupide, 
suave, sublime, substituer, subtilite, subvention, 
succes, suite, suivre. 

Surlendemain, surhumain, surpris, suspect, 
syllabe, systeme, tambour, tantot, tante, tas, 
tasse, taxe, taxation, temporiser, temps, tene- 
bres, terre, terrasse, texte, tete, these, thermal, 
tien, tiers, titre, toile, tondre, tordre, tort, 
tortue, traduire, trahir, transe, transition, 
transitoire, travail, travailler, trianon, tricoter, 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 11 

trimestre, triste, tristesse, tropical, troquer, 
tuer, tueur, turbulent, ultra. 

Ulterieur, un, une, unanime, unieme, uni- 
forme, usage, usufruit, utile, vaillant, vague, 
veau, vaurien, veine, voleur, veut, veuf, volti- 
ger, vrai, wagon, zelateur, zero. 



Premiere Legon 



Le, La, L', Les, The 

le pere the father la mere the mother 

le fils the son la fille the daughter 

le frere the brother la soeur the sister 

Et, And 

1. Le pere et k mere. 2. Le pere et 

le fils. 3. La mere et la fille. 4. Le frere 

et la soeur. 5. La mere et le fils. 6, Le 
pere et la fille. 

Deuxieme Ltegon 

Un, Une A, An 

le gar^on the boy la fille the girl 

Phomme the man la femme the woman 
les hommes the men les femmes the women 

12 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 13 

Des> Some De» Of 

1. Un gar^on et une fille. 2, Un homme 
et une femme. 3. Un frdre et une soeur. 
4. Des hommes et des femmes, 5. La femme 
et la fille. 6* L'homme et le gar^on. 7. Un 
pere et un his. 8. La mere et la fille, 

Troisieme Legon 



j'ai tu as il a elle a 

I have thou hast he has she has 

le papier the paper la regie the ruler 

le crayon the pencil la feuille the sheet 

le porte-plume the pen-holder la plume the pen 

le cahier the copy-hook fencre the ink 

1. J'ai le papier. 2. Tu as le crayon. 3. II 
a la plume. 4. Elle a le cahier. 5. II a un 
porte-plume et une plume. 6. J'ai une regie 
et une feuille de papier, 7. Elle a l'encre et 
le cahier. 8. Tu as des plumes et des crayons. 



14 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Quatrieme Legon 

nous avons vous avez ils ont elles ont 

we have you have they have they . have 

le livre the book l'ardoise the slate 

le buvard the blotter la lettre the letter 

le canif the penknife l'enveloppe the envelope 

lepupitre the desk la gomme the india rubber 

1. Nous avons le livre. 2. Vous avez l'ar- 
doise. 3. Ils ont le buvard et le canif. 4. El- 
les ont la gomme et le buvard. 5. Vous avez 
la lettre et l'enveloppe. 6. J'ai un pupitre. 
7. II a une plume et un crayon. 8. Elle a 
les cahiers et les porte-plumes. 

1. Le, la. 1', les, are definite articles. Le is used before 
masculine nouns, la before feminine nouns, Y before a noun 
beginning with a vowel or h mute, les before plural of 
either gender. 

2. Un, une, des, are indefinite articles. Un is used before 
masculine nouns, une before feminine nouns, des before 
plural of either gender. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



15 



1. I have a brothif and two sisters. 2. You 
have a father and a mother, 3. She has a son 
and three daughters. 4. The man has the pa- 
per and the boy has the book. 5. She has the 
pens and the pencils. 6. She has the blotter 
and the copy book. 



Cinquieme Legon 



mon 


ton son 


ma ta 


sa 


my 


thy his or her 


my thy 


his or her 




mes tes 


ses 






my thy 


his or her 





rami the friend 

le cousin the cousin 
l'oncle the uncle 



ramie the friend 

la cousine the cousin 
la tante the aunt 



1" Mon pere et son ami. 2. Mon oncle et 
ma cousine. 3. Ta tante et ta cousine. 4. Ma 
soeur et ses amies. 5. J'ai un cousin et une 
cousine. 6. Mon ami a deux freres et une 
so'eur. 7. Ma tante a deux filles et un fils. 
8. Mon oncle a deux fils. 9. Son pere et sa 
mere. 



16 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Your father and your mother. 2. The 
friend has a book. 3. The man has a daughter. 
4. The woman has two sons. 5. We have a 
friend. 6. You have two cousins. 7. The son 
and the daughter. 8. The boy has a pencil. 



Sixieme Legon 

notre, nos votre, vos leur, leurs 

our your their 

Penfant the child Tenfant the child 

le grand-pere the grandfather la grand'mere the grandmother 

le neveu the nephew la niece the niece 

1. Notre amie et mon frere. 2. Votre iille 
et vos soeurs. 3. Leurs livres et nos crayons. 
4. Son neveu et sa niece. 5. L' enfant a le 
porte-plume et le grand-pere a l'encre. 6. La 
grand-mere a la lettre et la niece a le cahier. 

7. La iille et le gar^on ont leurs crayons. 

8. Nous avons le papier et vous avez la re- 
gie. 9. Ses oncles, ses tantes et leurs amis. 

1. Our grandfather and grandmother have 
two children. 2. Your cousin has the blotter. 






PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 17 

3. Your brother and sister have the sheet of 
paper. 4. His friend has a desk. 5. The man 
has two sons and three daughters. 6, You 
have his pencil and her- copy book. 7. My 
nephew and my niece have a grandfather and 
a grandmother. 8. Their child and their 
nephew. 

Septieme Legon 



je 


suis 


tu 


es 


il est 


elle 


est 


I 


am 


thou 


art 


he is 


she 


is 



grand big, tall, large grande big, tall, large 
petit small, little petite small, little 

bon good bonne good 

1. Je suis grand. 2. Tu es petit. 3. II est 
bon. 4. Men frere est grand et ma soeur est 
petite. 5. Son amie est bonne. 6. Sa cousine 
a des lettres. 7. Sa plume est bonne. 8. Elle 
est grande. 

3. Mon, ton, son, masculine singular, ma, ta, sa, feminine 
singular, mes, tes, ses, plural for either gender are possessive 
adjectives, and agree with the thing possessed, and not as in 
English, with the possessor. Example: son pere, his father 
or her father. See lesson 8 of second part. 



18 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Huitieme Legon 

nous sommes vous etes ils sont elles sont 

we are you are they are they are 

mechant naughty, wicked mechante naughty, wicked 

mauvais bad mauvaise bad 

gentil nice, gentle, kind gentille nice, gentle, kind 

joli pretty jolie pretty 

1. Nous sommes mechants. 2. Vous etes de 
gentils enfants, 3. Ils sont bons. 4. Mes 
plumes sont mauvaises. 5. La petite fille est 
gentille et le petit gar^on est mechant. 
6. L'homme est mauvais et la femme est bon- 
ne. 7. Son papier est bon et son crayon est 
mauvais. 8. Votre niece est jolie. 

1. The man is good and the woman is 
wicked. 2. I have a bad pencil. 3. You are 
naughty and your sister is good. 4. The father 
is tall and the son is small. 5. We are bad. 
6. They are kind children. 7. The father has 
a good son. 8. We are tall. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 19 



Neuvieme Legon 



avant 


cievant 


derriere dans 


before 


in front of 


behind in, into 


le jardin 


the garden 


la maison the house 


le mur 


the wall 


la fenetre the window 


Parbre 


the tree 


la porte the door 


le banc 


the bench 


la chambre the room 



1. Nous sommes devant la maison. 2. lis sont 
dans le jardin. 3. Yotre pere est devant la 
fenetre. 4. La porte de votre maison est petite 
et les fenetres sont grandes. 5. Son jardin est 
grand. 6. Les portes et les fenetres de ma 
maison sont petites. 7. L'enfant est derriere la 
porte. 8' Le mur est derriere la maison. 9. II 
est sur le banc. 

4. The adjective always agrees in number as well as in 
gender with the noun which it qualities* Example: Mon 
frere est grand. Ma soeur est grande, 

Dixieme Legon 

have I? hast thou? has he? has she? 
ai-je ? as-tu ? a-t-il ? a-t-elle ? 



20 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

le mouchoirthe handkerchief la poche the pocket 
I'habit the coat la robe the dress 

le chapeau the hat la cravate the necktie 

1. J'ai une robe et deux chapeaux. 2. Ma 
soeur a six mouchoirs. 3. Mon frere a deux 
cravates. 4. As-tu une poche? 5. A-t-il un 
habit? 6. Nous avons trois livres, 7. A-t-elle 
un crayon? 8. Ai-je un mouchoir? 

1. Have I a book? 2. Has he a handker- 
chief? 3. We have three big houses. 4, Has 
she a pocket? 5. I am tall and you are small. 
6. He is good. 7. She is naughty, 8. Hast 
thou a slate? 

Onzieme Legon 

avons-nous? avez-vous? ont-ils? ont-elles? 

have we? have you? have they? have they? 

le gant the glove la blouse the shirt waist 

le bas the stocking la chaussette the sock 
le col the collar la manchette the cuff 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 21 

1. Les gants et les cols sont dans la chambre. 
2. Avez-vous votre mouchoir? 3. Avons-nous 
les chausettes et les bas? 4. Ont-ils leurs gants? 
5. Ont-elles leurs blouses? 6. As-tu le chapeau? 

7. A-t-elle la robe? 8. lis ont les cahiers et ]es 
livres. 

Douzieme Legem 

tres bien trop ou aussi 

very well too, too much where also 

le pantalon the trousers la chemise the shirt 
le Soulier the shoe la pantoufle the slipper 
le jupon the petticoat la jupe the skirt 

1. Votre robe est tres jolie. 2. Mes pan- 
toufles sont grandes. 3. La cravate est tres 
jolie. 4. Avez-vous le jupon et les souliers? 
5. Ou est la chemise de votre frere? 6. Elle est 
dans sa chambre. 7. Tres bien, mon enfant. 

8. Avez-vous aussi la jupe de votre soeur? 

1. Have you the pretty dress? 2. We have 
the dress and the shoes. 3. Her petticoat is too 
small. 4. Have you the hat and the coat? 



22 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

5. Has he a handkerchief in his pocket? 6. My 
grandmother has the slippers. 7. Your nephew 
is a good boy. 8. I have the paper and the 
ink. 9. Where is your father? 

Treizieme Legon 

plus que plus joli combien de non oui 

more than prettier how many, how much no yes 



bleu 


hlue 


bleue 


blue 


blanc 


white 


blanche 


white 


rouge 


red 


rouge 


red 


noir 


black 


noire 


black 


jaune 


yellow 


jaune 


yellou 



1. Combien de livres rouges avez-vous? 
2. J'ai deux livres rouges et un livre bleu. 3. Ou 
sont mes pantoufles bleues? 4. Vos pantoufles 
bleues et vos gants jaunes sont dans la chambre. 
5. Avez-vous un jupon noir? 6. Oui, j'ai un 
jupon noir et une robe blanche. 7. A-t-il un 
col blanc? 8. Non, il a des manchettes blan- 
ches. 9. Votre robe bleue est plus jolie que 
ma robe jaune. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



23 



Quatorzieme Legon 



avec 


moms 


assez 


mais 


with 


less 


enough 


but 


brun 




brown 


brune 


brown 


gris 




grey 


grise 


grey 


vert 




green 


verte 


green 


violet 




purple 


violette 


purple 



1. Mon oncle a une maison grise, 2. Ou 
sont vos crayons bruns? 3. J'ai moins <ie 
plumes que vous. 4. Avez-vous assez de papier 
gris? 5, II a Tencre violette et nous avons 
1'encre noire. 6. Mon ami a un habit bleu et 
un pantalon brun. 7. Sa regie est jaune, 
8- Elle a un porte-plume de plus que son frere, 

Quiozieme Legon 

ce, cet cette ces 

this or that this or that these or those 



grand 

haul 



large, wide 
high, tall 



grande 
haute 



large, wide 
high, tall 



24 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

bas low basse low 

beau, bel beautiful, handsome belle beautiful, handsome 
gros big, stout grosse big, stout 

1. Ce mur est bas. 2. Cette maison est 
baute. 3. Ces jardins sont larges. 4. Ce gros 
gar^on est tres bon. 5. Cette grosse fille est 
mechante. 6. Ma tante est une belle femme. 
7. Cet homme a une jolie petite fille. 8. Mon 
oncle est grand. 9. Ma cousine est petite. 
10. II a un beau jardin. 

1. How many houses have you? 2. He has 
one shirt and two collars. 3. This tree is high. 
4. These walls are behind my house. 5. My 
father is in front of that big yellow house. 
6. How many red books have you? 7. I have 
three red books and two blue books. 8. Has 
she a pen? 

5. Ce, cet, cette et ces are demonstrative adjectives. Ce 
is used before a masculine noun or adjective beginning with 
a consonant, cet before a masculine noun beginning with a 
vowel or h mute. Example: Cet ami, cet homme. Cette 
is used before a feminine noun, and ces before plural of 
either gender. See lesson 7. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



25 



Seizieme Lecon 



je n'ai pas 


» tu n'as pas il n'a pas 


elle n'a pas 


I have not 


thou hast not he has not 


she has not 


le chien 


the dog la chienne 


the she dog 


le chat 


the cat la chatte 


the she cat 


le rat 


the rat la souris 


the mouse 


le coq 


the rooster la poule 


the hen 


l'animal 


the animal la girafe 


the giraffe 



1. As-tu un chien ? 2. Je n'ai pas de chien, 
mais j'ai un chat. 3. Mon ami a un coq et 
deux poules. 4. La chatte de mon oncle est 
grise. 5. Ce chat a un gros rat. 6. La chienne 
de ma tante est noire. 7. Ma cousine a une 
souris blanche. 8, Ton chien est tres mechant. 
9. La girafe est un grand animal. \ 

Dix-septieme Legon 



nous n avons pas 

we have not 

ils n'ont pas 

they have not 



vous n avez pas 

you have not 

elles n'ont pas 

they have not 



26 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

le boeuf the ox, bull la vache the cow 

le mouton the sheep la brebis the ewe 

le bouc the goat la chevre the she goat 

le cheval the horse la jument the mare 

1* Nous n'avons pas de chien, mais nous avons 
un cheval. 2* Ce boeuf est brun et cette vache 
est noire et blanche. 3. Vous n'avez pas de 
souris, mais vous avez des rats. 4. Ou est votre 
brebis blanche? 5. Elle est dans le jardin, et le 
mouton blanc aussi. 6, Mon grand-pere a un 
cheval noir et une jument brune. 7. Mon petit 
cousin a un bouc et une chevre. 8, Le mouton 
est plus grand que la brebis. 

Dix-huitieme Legon 

j'ai vu tu as vu il a vu elle a vu 

I have seen thou hast seen he has seen she has seen 

le lapin the rabbit la lapine the rabbit 

le pore the pig la panthere the panther 

le lion the lion la lionne the lioness 

le loup the wolf la louve the wolf 

Tours the bear 1'ourse the bear 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 27 

1. J'ai vu un loup, mais je n'ai pas vu de lion. 
2. Ont-ils vu une panthere ? 3. Non, ils n'ont 
pas vu de panthere, mais ils ont vu une lionne. 
4. Le loup est plus mechant que le lion. 5. As- 
tu vu un ours? 6. Oui, j'ai vu un ours et une 
ourse. 7. Mon frere a deux jolis petits lapins 
noirs. 

1. Have you seen a white rabhit? 2. Yes, I 
have seen a white rabbit and two pigs. 3. My 
brother has seen a wolf and a bear. 4. I have 
two dogs, but I have no cat. 5. My father has 
a brown horse and a white mare. 6. Where 
has he seen my rabbit? 7. He has seen your 
rabbit in the garden. 8, My sister has two 
pretty white cats. 

Dix-neuvieme Legon 



suis-je? es-tu? est-il? est-elle? 

am I? art thou? is he? is she? 



est-il? est-elle? est-ce? au 

is it? to the, at the 



28 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



le salon the drawing-room la chambre a coucher the bed-room 
le corridor the hall la salle a manger the dining-room 

le vestibule the vestibule la salle de bain the bath-room 

le grenier the attic, garret la cuisine the kitchen 

1. Ou es-tu? 2. Je suis dans le grenier avec 
ma mere. 3. Notre salon est plus grand que 
notre salle a manger. 4. Avez-vous mes bas et 
mes souliers? 5. Non, ils sont dans la salle de 
bain. 6. Mon chapeau est-il dans le vestibule? 

7. Le corridor de notre maison est large. 

8. Est-elle dans la chambre a coucher? 9. Non, 
elle est dans la cuisine. 



Vingtieme Legem 



sommes-nous: 
are we? 



etes-vous? 

are you ? 



sont-ils? 

are they? 



sont-elles? 

are they? 



il y a 

there is, there are 



le lit the bed Parmoire the closet, wardrobe 

le canape the sofa la table the table 

le tapis the carpet, rug la commode the bureau 

le fauteuil the arm-chair la chaise the chair 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 29 

1. Mes cahiers et mes livres sont-ils sur la 
table? 2. Non, ils sont sur le pupitre, 3. Som- 
mes-nous dans la salle a manger? 4. Les chai- 
ses sont-elles dans la cuisine? 5. Dans la 
cuisine, il y a deux chaises et une table. 6. Le 
tapis de la chambre a coucher est bleu, 

7. Votre mouchoir est sur le lit, 8. Le canape 
est plus grand que la chaise. 

1. Where is my handkerchief? 2. This chair 
is brown. 13. Her kitchen is small, but her 
dining-room is large. 4. Where is he? 5. Where 
is she? 6. Where is it? 7. We are on the sofa. 

8. Your coat and your hat are in the vestibule, 

9. My grandfather and my aunt are in the 
dining-room. 

Vingt-et-unieme Legem 



qui? savez-vous? je ne sais pas 

who? do you know? I do not know 

le couteau the knife la fourchette the fork 

le plat the dish, plate la carafe the pitcher, decanter 

le verre the glass Passiette the plate 
le bol the bowl la cuiller the spoon 



30 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



1. Ou est la carafe? 2. Elle est sur la table. 
3. Qui est dans le corridor? 4. Savez-vous ou 
sont les couteaux, les fourchettes et les cuillers? 
5. lis sont avec la carafe et les verres dans la 
cuisine. 6. Ce bol est trop petit, mais ce plat 
est trop grand. 7. Avez-vous une salle de bain? 
8. Oui, mais elle est tres petite. 

Vingt-deuxieme Legem 

voulez-vous? merci 

will you have, do you wish? thank you 



en 

of it, of them 



encore a quelle heure? 

still at what time? 



le diner the dinner la serviette the napkin 

le souper the souper la nappe the table-cloth 

le pain the bread la viande the meat 

le legume the vegetable le sel the salt 

le dejeuner the breakfast le poivre the pepper 



1. Avez-vous une serviette? 2. JTai une ser- 
viette, mais je n'ai pas de couteau. 3. Voulez- 
vous de la viande? 4. Non, merci, j'en ai encore. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 31 

5. A-t-elle assez de sel? 6. Elle a assez de sel, 
mais elle n'a pas de pain. 7. Les legumes sont 
dans le plat. 8. A quelle heure est le diner? 
9. Voulez-vous votre dejeuner? 

1. Have they the knife and the plate? 2. No, 
but they have the spoon and the glass. 3. The 
meat is on the table. 4. Where is the bread? 
5. Have you the vegetables? 6. I have the 
vegetables and the salt. 7. The dinner is on 
the table. 8. Have they a good supper? 
9. Has he the pepper? 

Vingt-troisieme Legon 

la plupart donnez-moi s'il vous plait peu 

the most give me if you please little 

le pois the peas la carotte the carrot 

le navet the turnip lapommedeterrethe potato 

le chou the cabbage la salade the salad 

le haricot the bean Fasperge the asparagus 

l'epinard the spinach la tomate the tomato 

1. La plupart de ces pommes de terre sont 



32 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



mauvaises. 2. Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait, un 
peu de viande et de la salade. 3. Combien de 
carottes avez-vous? 4. Nous avons deux carot- 
tes et un chou. 5. Ce navet n'est pas bon. 
6. Voulez-vous encore de la salade? 7. Non, 
merci, donnez-moi des asperges, s'il vous plait. 
8. La nappe est-elle sur la table? 9. Donnez- 
moi des haricots et des tomates. 



Vingt-quatrieme Legon 



mettez cueillir 


allez pour 


chez 


put to gather 


go for 


at, to 


le bois the wood 


la f oret 


the forest 


le panier the basket 


la f leur 


the flower 


le vase the vase 


la feuille 


the leaf 


le lait the milk 


la plante 


the plant 


le vin the wine 


Peau 


the water 



1. Allez dans le bois cueillir des fleurs. 
2. Mettez de l'eau dans ce vase. 3. Voulez- 
vous un verre de lait? 4. La feuille est verte. 
5. La fleur est rouge. 6. Votre panier est trop 
petit pour ces fleurs. 7. Ce vase est trop grand 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 33 

pour cette plante. 8. Allez dans la foret. 
9. Dans notre jardin, il y a des arbres, des 
plantes, des fleurs et des legumes. 10. Donnez- 
moi, s'il vous plait, un verre de vin avec 
de l'eau. 

1. This leaf is green and that flower is blue. 
2. Put these leaves in your basket. 3. Go to 
your uncle. 4. Have you enough asparagus 
and salad? 5. Will you have more peas? 
6. Give me more spinach, please. 7. The 
water is in the vase. 8. Where are the vegeta- 
bles? 9. The cabbage, peas, spinach, turnips 
and salad are in the kitchen. 

Vingt-cinquieme Legon 

pourquoi? debout parce que ou a la assis 

why? standing because or at the seated 

Peleve the pupil l'ecole the school 

le theatre the theatre Peglise the church 

heureux happy heureuse happy 

meilleur better meilleure better 



34 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. L/eleve est-il a Fecole ou a la maison? 
2. II est a l'ecole. 3. Etes-vous a Feglise ou a 
l'ecole? 4. Elle est assise. 5. II est assis. 
6. lis sont debout. 7. Sommes-nous a l'ecole 
ou au theatre? 8. Cet eleve est heureux parce 
qu'il est bon.' 9. La soeur est meilleure que 
le frere. 

1. Where are you? 2. Is he at school or at 
church? 3. Are you better than your brother? 
4. We are happy because we are good. 5. Am 
I seated? 6. You are standing. 7. Where is 
the theatre? 8. Why are you happy? 9. Are 
they standing? 

Vingt-sixieme Legon 



le cheveu 


the hair 


la tete the head 


le front 


the forehead 


la joue the cheek 


l'oeil, les yeux 


the eye, eyes 


la bouche the mouth 


le sourcil 


the eyebrow 


la dent the tooth 


le cil 


the eyelash 


la levre the lip 


le nez 


the nose 


la tempe the temple 


1. Ma 


cousine a les cheveux bruns. 2. Sa 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 35 

tete est petite, 3. Mon ami a les joues rouges. 
4. Mon cousin a les yeux bleus, et ma cousine 
a les yeux bruns. 5. Sa bouche est petite. 
6. Ma soeur a les dents blanches et les levres 
rouges. 7. Cet enfant a le front large et le 
nez petit. 8. Ses sourcils et ses cils sont noirs. 
9. Nous avons deux tempes* 

Vingt-septieme Legon 

Comment vous portez-vous? mal a la tete 

How are you, how do you do? headache 

mal casse en 

sore broken some 

Pestomac the stomach la stature the stature, waist 
le menton the chin la langue the tongue 

le cou the neck Poreille the ear 
le bras the arm 1'epaule the shoulder 

le coude the elbow la main the hand 
le doigt the finger la poitrine the chest, breast 

1. J'ai vu votre cousine. 2. Elle a mal a la 
tete. 3. Combien d'oreilles avons-nous? 4. Nous 



36 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



avons deux oreilles, deux epaules, une poitrine 
et un estomac. 5. Comment vous portez-vous, 
ma mere? 6. J'ai mal a la tete, et votre soeur 
a mal aux dents. 7. Ce petit gar£on a le bras 
casse. 8. Ou est votre langue? 9. Dans ma 
bouche. 

1. Who has a headache? 2. My aunt has a 
headache, and my uncle has a toothache. 
3. My cousin has a broken arm. 4. How are 
you, my friend? 5, I have a sore finger. 
6. How many hands have we? 7. We have 
two hands, two arms and two shoulders. 
8. My cousin has pretty brown hair and blue 
eyes. 9. Give me your hand. 



Vingt-huitieme Legon 



tourne 


nettoyez 


tombe 


coupe 


turn 


clean 


fallen 


cut 


le corps 


the body 


la partie 


the part 


le dos 


the back 


la jambe 


the leg 


Pongle 


the nail 


la peau 


the skin 


le poignet 


the wrist 


la hanche 


the hip 



le genou 


the knee 


le pied 


the foot 


l'os 


the bone 


le sang 


the blood 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 37 



la cheville the ankle 
la gencive the gum 
la barbe the beard 
la moustache the moustache 



1. Le corps de cet enfant est tres petit, 2. II 
tourne le dos & sa soeur, . 3. Elle s'est casse 
1'ongle. 4. Ma niece a le poignet cass£„ 5. Le 
cheval est tombe sur les genoux, 6. II a mal 
aux pieds et aux jambes. 7. Ma cousine a la 
peau tres blanche. 8. Mon grand'pere a coupe 
sa barbe et ses moustaches. 9* Avez-vous mal 
aux oreilles? 10. Donnez cet os au chiem 
11. Le sang est rouge, 12. Je me suis coupe 
le doigt. 13. Donnez-moi la main. 14. La 
tete, les bras, les pieds et les jambes sont des 
parties du corps. 

6. The definite article is used instead of the possessive 
adjective for the parts of the body, 

Vingt-neuvieme Lecon 

faire faites fait bai&sez 

to do, make do done pull down 



38 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



apprenez 

learn 



appris 

learned 



recite 

recited 



recitez 

recite 



asseyez-vous 

sit down 



allez 



fermez 

shut, close 



resous 

solved 



le radiateur the radiator la multiplication the multiplication 

le tableau noir the blackboard la grammaire the grammar 

le dessin the drawing l'addition the addition 

le banc the bench la soustraction the subtraction 

le probleme the problem Phistoire the history 

le store the shade la division the division 

le chant the singing la geographie the geography 



1. Avez-vous fait votre probleme? 2. Non, 
je n'ai pas fait mon probleme, mais j'ai appris 
ma geographie. 3. Mon ami a fait un tres joli 
dessin. 4. Fakes une addition, une soustraction 
et une multiplication. 5. Allez au tableau noir 
et faites une division. 6. Elle a recite son his- 
toire. 7. Asseyez-vous sur le banc. 8. Ap- 
prenez la grammaire. 9. Fermez le radiateur. 
10. Baissez le store. 



1. Sit on the chair. 2. How many prdblems 
did you solve? 3. I solved one problem and 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



m 



and did one drawing, 4. Learn your grammar- 
5. Have you seen my geography? 6. No, but 
I have seen your history. 7. Have you done 
the additions and subtractions? 8. Is the radia- 
tor closed? 

Trentieme Legon 

ecrivez lisez e'est assez traduiseZ 

write read that is enough translate 



prenez regarded ouvrez apprenez*vous? 

take look at open do you learn? 

le mot the word la lecture the reading 

l'anglais the English la page the page 

le frangais the French Porthographe the spelling 

le latin the Latin la phrase the sentence 

le piano the piano la legon the lesson 

le dictionnaire the dictionary la faute the mistake, fault 

Texercise the exercise la langue the language 



1. Apprenez dix mots franfais* 2. Faites un 
exercise anglais. 3. Ouvrez votre livre h la page 
douze. 4. Ecrivez cinq phrases en latin* 5* 
Traduisez un exercise en fran9ais, 6. Prenez 
votre le9on de chant et de piano. 7. Combien 



40 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

de fautes avez-vous dans votre orthographe ? 
8. Donnez-moi le dictionnaire. 9. Combien 
de langues apprenez-vous ? 10. Prenez votre 
livre de lecture et lisez. 11. C'est assez. 

1. How many reading books have you? 2. 
I have two reading books, one in English 
and one in French. 3. How many languages 
do you know? 4. I know French and Latin. 
5. Look at the blackboard. 6. Open the win- 
dow. 7. Translate five sentences into French 
8. That is enough. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 41 



Second Part 



Premiere Legon 



Definite Articles 

There are only two genders in French, the 
masculine and the feminine. 

The definite articles are : 
Le, La, h\ Les, The 

Le before a masculine noun, 
le frere, le jardin. 

La before a feminine noun, 
la soeur, la porte. 

L* before a noun beginning with a vowel or 
h mute, 

l'homme, Penfant, Pamie. 



42 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Les before a plural noun of either gender, 

les hommes, les femmes, 
les enfants. 

The article must be repeated before each noun, 
Le pere, la mere, la fille. 

le boulevard the boulevard la rue the street 

le restaurant the restaurant Pavenue the avenue 

le trottoir the sidewalk la voiture the carriage 

le magasin the store l'automobile the motor-car 

le musee the museum la boutique the shop 

Photel the hotel la ville the city, town 

le village the village la place the square, place 

1. Le pere et la mere sont sur le boulevard. 
2. Nous sommes dans la rue. 3. Ou est votre 
soeur? 4. Elle est dans la boutique. 5. Dans 
quelle rue est le musee, s'il vous plait? 6, II est 
sur la place du Louvre. 7. Mon oncle a deux 
automobiles. 8. Ma mere et mon frere sont 
dans le magasin. 9. L'homme et la femme sont 
dans r avenue du Bois de Boulogne. 10. Ou 
est le restaurant? 11. Dans la rue St.Honore. 
12. Ma mere est au village et mon pere a la ville. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 43 

1. Where is the the hotel Continental please? 
2. It is on the Place de la Concorde. 3. The 
brother and the sister are in the motor-car. 
4. My friend is on the sidewalk. 5. The man 
and the child are in the shop. 6. This avenue 
is beautiful. 7. This carriage is pretty. 8. My 
father has a large automobile. 9. This store is 
a large one. 

Deuxieme Legon 



Indefinite Articles 

The indefinite articles are : 
Un, Une, A, An, Des, Some 

Un before a masculine noun, 
un gar^on, un crayon. 

Une before a feminine noun, 
une fille, une plume. 

Des before a plural noun of either gender, 
des freres, des soeurs. 



44 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Voulez-vous? 

Will you have? 

Je prendrai 

I shall have 



le gar^on 
le pain 

i'oeuf a la coque 

le potage 
le pain grille 
le petit pain 
le morceau 



the waiter 
the bread 
the boiled egg 
the soup 
the toast 
the roll 
the piece 



Apportez-nous 

Bring us 

Entrons au 

Let us go into 

I'olive the olive 

la nourriture the food 
la sardine the sardine 

la langue de boeuf the OX-tonglie 

la cotelette the chop 
l'omelette the omelet 

la tranche the slice 



1. Entrons dans ce restaurant. 2. Que vou- 
lez-vous pour, votre dejeuner P 3. Je prendrai 
deux oeufs k la coque et un morceau de pain 
grille. 4. Gar£on, apportez-nous des cuillers, 
des fourchettes, des couteaux et une carafe 
d'eau. 5. Voulez-vous des olives ou des sar- 
dines? 6. Non ? merci, je prendrai une omelette 
et deux tranches de langue de boeuf. 7. J'ai 
le potage, mais je n'ai pas la viande. 8. La 
nourriture est bonne dans ce restaurant. 9. 
Marie a mange une cotelette de mouton. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 45 

1. What will you have for your dinner? 2. I 
shall have an omelet, a chop, potatoes, peas and 
salad. 3. Please give me the salt and pepper. 
4. Where is the bread? 5. The bread and the 
water are on the table, but the meat is in the 
kitchen. 6. I have too many vegetables. 7. 
Have you enough meat? 8. Has he enough 
water? 9. Will you have wine and water? 



Troisieme Legon 



Contraction of the Definite Article 

The preposition a and the definite article 
contract as follows: 

a le, Au — a les, Aux 

(to the or at the) 

Au before a masculine noun singular, 
au garcon, au restaurant. 

Aux before a plural noun of either gender, 
aux pares, aux meres, aux maisons. 



46 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



a la does not contract before a feminine 
noun singular, 

a la fille, a la maison* 

a Y does not contract before a masculine or 
feminine noun beginning with a vowel or h 
mute, 

a Pbomme, a Pamie, a Parbre. 



Mangez 

eat 


mange 

eaten 


venez 

come 


aujourcThui 

to-day to 


demain bier 

-morrow yesterday 


ici 

here 


apres 

after 


sans 

without 


le beurre 


the butter 


Fhuitre 


the oyster 


le f romage 


the cheese 


la morue 


the cod 


le homard 


the lobster 


la langouste 


i the lobster 


le poisson 


the fish 


la truite 


the trout 


le mouton 


the mutton 


la saucisse 


the sausage 


le bif teck 


the beefsteak la sauce 


the sauce 


le veau 


the veal 


la cervelle 


the brains 


le jambon 


the ham 


la volaille 


the fowl 


le lard 


the bacon 


la dinde 


the turkey 


le vinaigre 


the vinegar 


l'huile 


the oil 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 47 

1. Avez-vous mange le poisson et la volaille ? 

2. Donnez les huitres et le veau au garc^on. 

3. Avez-vous le jambon et la truite? 4. Non, 
mais j'ai le lard et la morue. 5. Venez au jardin. 
6. A-t-il l'huile et le vinaigre? 7. Donnez le 
poisson et la cervelle aux enfants. 8. Ont-ils 
mange le fromage et le beurre? 9. Mon cousin 
est-il a la maison aujourd'hui? 10. Non, il sera 
ici demain. 11. Hier nous avons mang6 du 
homard et de la dinde. 12. Venez au salon apres 
le dinner. 13. Mangez la salade sans vinaigre. 



1 Come to the kitchen. 2. The eggs are 
good but the bacon is very bad. 3. Give the 
fish to the cat and the sauce to the dog. 4. Will 
you have the beefsteak or the chop? 5. No, I 
shall have the fish and the fowl. 6. Go to the 
house and bring us the water, the cheese and 
the bread. 7. The grandfather has the lobster 
and the child has the brains. 8. Your father 
and mother are here. 9. Come to-morrow. 
10. Eat this turkev todav. 



4$ PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Quatrieme Legon 



Contraction of the definite article (continued) 

The preposition de and the definite article 
contract as follows: 

de le, Du — de les, Des 

(of the or from the) 

du before a maseulin noun singular, 
du frere, du theatre. 

des before a plural noun of either gender, 
des gargons, des filles, des maisons. 

de la does not contract before a feminine noun 
singular, 

de la soeur, de la rue. 

de Y does not contract before a masculine or 
feminine noun singular beginning with a vowel 
or h mute, 

de Thomme, de Parbre, de Pamie. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



49 



Comment s*appelle? Demeurer 


What i 


s the name? 


to live 


Connaissez-vous? Chez 


Qui? 


do yo 


u know? to, at 


who? 


le medecin 


physician la couturiere 


the dressmaker 


le professeur 


the professor la modiste 


the milliner 


Pavocat 


the lawyer l'infirmiere 


the nurse 


le tailleur 


the tailor la manicure 


the manicure 


le charpentier the carpenter la blaftchisseust© 


the laundress 


Pepicier 


the grocer la cuisiniere 


the cook 


le boucher 


the butcher la femme de 
chambre 


the lady's-maid 


le boulanger 

le maitre 
d'hotel 


the baker la bonne 

d'enfant 

the butler la bonne 


the nursery-maid 
the maid 



1. Comment s'appelle le medecin qui demetire 
dans cette maison? 2. Connaissez-vous le fils du 
professeur? 3. i\llez chez Tepicier* le boulanger 
et le boucher, et apportez-moi du sel, de Thuile 
et du vinaigre. 4. Les chapeaux de la modiste 
sont trop grands. S. La fille du charpentier 



50 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

est tres jolie. 6. La blanchisseuse demeure 
dans cette petite maison. 7. La cuisiniere, la 
femme de chambre et la bonne d'enfant sont 
dans la cuisine. 8* Donnez ces plumes aux 
enfants de Tavocat 9. Le col et les manchettes 
de I'infirmiere sont sur le lit. 10. Le tailleur 
est dans sa boutique. 11. Donnez les gants a la 
manicure. 12. Donnez Thuile et le vinaigre a 
la bonne ou au maitre d'hotel. 13. Connaissez- 
vous une bonne couturiere? 

1. Go to the store and bring me six handkerchiefs 
and six collars. 2. The flowers of the garden are 
beautiful. 3. The coat of the boy is too small. 
4. Who has the knife of the butcher? 5. What 
is the name of the lawyer? 6. The house of the 
doctor is beautiful. 7. Have you seen the 
nursery-maid and the children of the professor? 



□ 

on 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 51 



Cinquieme Legon 



Nouns and Adjectives 

In French the adjective always agrees in gen- 
der and number with the noun it qualifies, 
and generally follows that noun, 

un homme heureux, une femme heureuse. 

Most nouns and adjectives form their feminine 
by adding e to the masculine, 

un homme poll, une femme polie. 



Plural of Nouns and Adjectives 

Most nouns and adjectives form their plural by 
adding s to the singular, 

un enfant poli, des enfants polis. 
une femme polie, des femmes polies. 



tout le monde 


aime 


everyone, everybody 


like, love 


depuis ? esperer 


quand ? 


" how long ? to hope 


when ? 



52 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



poli 


polite 




polie 


laid 


homel} 


% ugly 


laide 


nouveau 


recent, 


new 


nouvelle 


neuf 


new 




neuve 


doux 


sweet, 


gentle 


douce 


riche 


rich 




riche 


pauvre 


poor 




pauvre 


sombre 


dark 




sombre 


jeune 


young 




jeune 


heureux 


happy 




heureuse 


magnifique 


magnificent 


magnifique 



1. Tout le monde aime les enfants polis. 
2. Votre robe neuve est tres belle. 3. Cette 
petite fille est douce et polie. 4. Ce pauvre 
homme n'a pas mange depuis hier. 5. Mes 
cousins sont heureux. 6. Le fils de cette femme 
est tres riche. 7. Le chien du boulanger est 
tres laid. 8. Cette nouvelle eglise est tres som- 
bre. 9. Quand avez-vous vu cette jeune fille ? 
10. Je n'aime pas ce chapeau. 11. La niece 
du boucher est tres jeune. 12. Le neveu de 
de Tavocat est poli. 13. Cette femme est pau- 
vre. 14. La nouvelle bonne est laide. 15. Ce 
magasin est magnifique. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 53 

1. His son is very gentle. 2. This man 
is very polite. 3. Her daughter has a new 
dress. 4. Where have you seen the young 
man? 5. How long have you been here? 
6. I have been here since yesterday. 7. That 
poor little girl is homely. 8. The new cook 
is young. 9. Our friends are rich. 10. My 
uncle and aunt are happy. 



Sixieme heqon 



Plural of Nouns and Adjectives (continued) 

We have seen in the fifth lesson that most 
nouns and adjectives form their plural by adding 
s to the singular. 

Exceptions 

Nouns and adjectives ending with s, x, z, 
remain unchanged in the plural, 

un omnibus, des omnibus, 
un enfant heureux, des enfants heureux. 



54 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Nouns and adjectives ending with au, eu, 
add x to form the plural, 

un feu, des feux. 

un chapeau, des chapeaux. 

un manteau, des manteaux. 

beau, beaux. 



Seven nouns ending with ou, add x to form 
the plural, 



le bijou 
le caillou 
le chou 
le genou 
le hibou 
le joujou 
le pou 



the jewel 
the pebble 
the cabbage 
the knee 
the owl 
the toy 
the louse 



les bijoux 
les cailloux 
les choux 
les genoux 
les hiboux 
les joujoux 
les poux 



Most nouns and adjectives ending with al, 
change al to aux, to form the plural, 

un general, des generaux. 

un cheval, des chevaux. 

un journal, des journaux. 

egal, egaux. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



55 



Six nouns ending with ail, form the plural 



by changing ail to aux. 



le bail 
le corail 
Pemail 
le soupirail 
le travail 
le vitrail 



the lease 
the coral 
the enamel 
the air-hole 
the work 



les baux 
les coraux 
les emaux 
les soupiraux 
les travaux 



the glass window les vitraux 



Betail, cattle, is a collective word and we say 
le betail, only, and not un betail. 

Bestiaux is the plural word for cattle, 
les bestiaux, des bestiaux. 



qu'a-t-il ? 

what is the matter with him ? 

tombe cher crie 

fallen dear, expensive weep, cry 

parce que 

because 



56 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



propre 


clean 


propre 


principal 


principal 


principale 


egal 


equal 


egale 


vieux, vieil 


old 


vieille 


sale 


soiled, dirty 


sale 


interieur 


inside 


interieure 


exterieur 


outside 


exterieure 


complet 


complete 


complete 


public 


public 


publique 


fou, fol 


foolish, mad 


folle 


carre 


square 


carree 


cher 


dear 


chere 


sot 


silly 


sotte 


pareil 


similar, like 


pareille 


intelligent 


intelligent 


intelligente 



1. Le tapis est carre, la table est ronde. 2. 
Les hommes sont egaux. 3. Ce vieil homme 
est tres intelligent. 4. Ces chapeaux sont pa- 
reils. 5. Le boulanger et le boucher sont dans 
Finterieur de T omnibus. 6. Ce petit gar£on 
est sot. 7. Cette robe est tres chere. 8. La 
couturiere et la modiste sont sur la place publi- 
que. 9. La principale rue de cette ville est 
large. 10. La femme du charpentier est tres 
propre. 11. Le neveu de l'epicier est tou. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 57 

12. Ces travaux ne sont pas complets. 13. J'ai- 
me ce chien parce qu'il est tres intelligent. 
14. Merci, ma chere enfant. 15. Les murs 
exterieurs de cette maison sont sales. 

1. Why is it so soiled ? 2. Because it fell 
down. 3. This child cries; what is the matter 
with him ? 4. He cries because he has fallen 
down. 5. These stockings and shoes are too 
expensive. 6. Our old cook is very clean. 7. 
My table is round. 8. This room is square. 
9. Go inside of the automobile. 10. This old 
man is verv rich. 



Septieme Legon 



Demonstrative Adjectives 

The demonstrative adjectives are ce, cet, cette, 
this or that, and ces, these or those. They 
must be repeated before each noun to which 
they refer. 

ce crayon, cette encre, ces plumes. 



58 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



ce before a masculine noun singular beginning 
with a consonant, 

ce fruit, ce jardin, ce berceau. 

cet before a masculine noun singular beginning 
with a vowel or h mute, 

cet ananas, cet homme, cet arbre. 

cette before a feminine noun singular, 
cette femme, cette amie. 

ces before a plural noun of either gender, 
ces magasins, ces voitures. 





mur 


ripe 


mure 




aigre 


sour 


aigre 




sucre 


sweet 


sucree 


le fruit 


the fruit 


la pomme 


the apple 


Fabricot 


the apricot 


la poire 


the pear 


l'ananas 


the pineapple la peche 


the peach 


le raisin 


the grape 


la cerise 


the cherry 


le citron 


the lemon 


l'orange 


the orange 


le melon 


the melon 


la prune 


the plum 


le sirop 


the syrup 


la f raise 


the strawberry 


le sucre 


the sugar 


la framboise the raspberry 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 59 

1. Ce melon n'est pas mur. 2. Ces cerises 
et ces fraises sont tres douces. 3. Cette oran- 
ge est aigre. 4. Dans le jardin de mon grand- 
pere, il y a des prunes, des poires, des fraises 
et des framboises. 5. Donnez ces raisins a ma 
mere, ils sont tres sucres. 6. Cette pomme est 
trop verte, elle n'est pas bonne. 7. Mettez du 
sucre sur vos fraises, elles ne sont pas assez dou- 
ces. 8. Portez ce citron a la cuisiniere. 9. Ce 
sirop est trop sucre. 10. Ces fruits sont mau- 
vais. 11. Avez-vous des abricots et des ananas? 
12. Non, mais nous avons du raisin, des pom- 
mes, des poires et des peches. 

1. Will you have some fruit? 2. What fruit 
do you like ? 3. I like strawberries, cherries, 
and plums. 4. Those oranges and lemons are 
sour. 5. Give these pears and apples to the 
poor old woman. 6. My uncle has fine peaches, 
strawberries, raspberries and apricots in his 
garden. 7. This melon is very sweet. 8. Those 
grapes are not ripe. 9. Put some sugar on your 
peaches. 10. Give this apple to your cousin. 



60 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Huitieme Legon 





Possessive 


Adjectives 




Singular 


Plural 


Masculine 


Feminine 


Either Gender 




mon 


ma 


mes 


my 


ton 


ta 


tes 


thy 


son 


sa 


ses 


his, her, its 


notre 


notre 


nos 


our 


votre 


votre 


vos 


your 


leur 


leur 


leurs 


their 



The possessive adjective must be repeated 
before each noun, 

sa robe, son chapeau, ses gants. 

her dress, her hat, her gloves. 

In French, the possessive adjective agrees 
in gender and number with the thing possessed, 
and not, as in English, with the possessor, 

Ma soeur a son livre, sa plume et ses crayons. 

My sister has her book, her pen and her pencils. 

Mon frere a son livre, sa plume et ses crayons. 

My brother has his book, his pen and his pencils. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



61 



For euphony, mon, ton, son, are used before 
a feminine noun beginning with a vowel or h 
mute; 

mon encre, ton amie, son histoire. 

my ink, your friend, his or her history. 



toujours comment se porte 


? souvent 


always 


how is ? 


often 


arrive 


venu 


voir 


arrived 


come 


to see 


arriver 


beaucoup 


perdre 


to arrive 


many, much 


to lose 



le parent 

If • * 
ame 

le jumeau 

le petit-fils 

le mari 

le marie 

le beau-pere 

le gendre 

le voisin 

le parrain 

le filleul 



the relative 
the elder, oldest 
the twin 
the grandson 
the husband 
the bridegroom 
the father-in-law 
the son-in-law 
the neighbor 
the godfather 
the godson 



la f amille 

amee 
la jumelle 
la petite-fille 
la f emme 
la mariee 
la belle-mere 
la belle-fille 
la voisine 
la marraine 
la filleule 



the family 

the older, oldest 

the twin 

the grand-daughter 

the wife 

the bride 

the mother-in-law 

the daughter-in-law 

the neighbor 

the godmother 

the goddaughter 



62 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Mon frere aine est arrive aujourd'hui. 2. 
Comment se porte votre soeur jumelle? 3. Son 
petit-fils est mechant, mais sa petite-fille est bon- 
ne. 4. Ma marraine est venue me voir. 5. Sa 
femme est jolie. 6. Mon frere est bon et intel- 
ligent. 7. Nos voisins ont beaucoup d'enfants. 
8. Cet homme aime sa belle-fille et son gen- 
dre. 9. La mariee est tres belle. 10. Ses pa- 
rents sont riches. 11. Nos voisins sont heureux. 
12, Sa famille est pauvre. 

l.The grandfather loves his grandson. 2, This 
boy is the eldest of the family. 3. Our neigh- 
bors have two daughters and one son-in-law. 
4. The bridegroom is handsome and the bride 
is beautiful. 5. My twin brother is very intel- 
ligent. 6. My neighbor has a godson. 7. His 
wife is not pretty, but she is good. 8. His rela- 
tives are rich. 9. His father-in-law is here. 



S 



ID 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



63 



Neuvieme Legon 



Demonstrative Pronouns 

celui (m), celles (f), this, that, the, (one) 
ceux (m) celles (f), these, those. 



Mon cahier et celui de mon frere. 

My book and the one of my brother. 
(My book and my brother's.) 

Mes crayons et ceux de mon frere. 

My pencils and those of my brother. 
(My pencils and my brother's ) 

Mes plumes et celles de ma soeur. 

My pens and those of my sister. 
(My pens and my sister's.) 



graver 


avancer 


retarder 


to engrave 


to go fast 


" to go slow 


regler 


remonter 


acheter 


to regulate 


to wind up 


to buy 


reparer 


garantir 


preferer 


to repair 


to guarantee 


to prefer 



64 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

le bijou the jewel la montre the watch 

le bracelet the bracelet la pendule the clock 

le diamant the diamond la perle the pearl 

l'or the gold la chaine the chain 

1 argent the silver, money la bague the ring 

le bijou tier the jeweler la boucle the buckle 

le collier the necklace la parure the set 

le saphir the sapphire l'emeraude the emerald 

le rubis the ruby la turquoise the turquoise 

1. Mon bracelet et t:elui de ma soeur sont 
en or. 2. Cette pendule est garantie cinq ans. 
3. . La montre de mon frere et celle de mon 
cousin sont en argent. 4. Donnez-moi, s'il vous 
plait, ces baques et celles qui sont sur la table. 
5. Les colliers de perles de ma mere et ceux de 
ma tante sont magnifiques. 6. Voulez-vous que 
je yous achete une parure de diamants? 7. Non, 
j'aimerais mieux une chaine et une bague avec 
une turquoise. 8. Ce bijoutier a de jolis bijoux 
avec turquoises, rubis et emeraudes, mais ils 
sont tres chers. 9. Ma pendule retarde et celle 
de mon voisin avance. 10. J'ai remonte ma 
montre hier. 11. Donnez votre montre a 
regler, elle retarde. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 65 

1. My uncle has given a beautiful set of dia- 
monds to his wife. 2. I like diamonds, pearls, 
turquoises, rubies and sapphires. 3. I wish to 
buy a bracelet, a watch and a diamond ring. 
4. This clock goes too fast, but the one in the 
kitchen goes too slow, 5. My sister's jewels 
and her sister-in-law's are very expensive. 6. 
Take my watch to the jeweler to have it repaired, 
7. I prefer this ruby to the one you have. 



Dixieme Legon 



Demonstrative Pronouns (continued) 

Ci and la are joined to the demonstrative 
pronouns to distinguish between this one or 
that one; celui-ci, celui-la, and ceux-ci, ceux-la, 

these (ones), those (ones). 

Veut-il celui-ci ou celui-la? 

Does he want this one or that one ? 

Voulez-vous ces bagues-ci ou celles-la? 

Will you have these rings or those ? 



66 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Demonstrative pronouns cannot be used alone; 
they must be followed by ci or la, by de, du, or 
by a relative pronoun, 

Voici deux pommes; celle-ci est 
meilleure que celle-la. 

Here are two apples; this one is better than that one. 

Mon crayon, celui de mon ami et 
celui qui est sur la table. 

My pencil, my friend's and the one that is on the table. 



Ceci, this, Cela, that, are used in a neuter 
sense and refer to objects or ideas indicated but 
not named, 

Ceci est joli, cela est laid. 

This is pretty, that is ugly. 

Quiconque a dit cela, ce n'est pas vrai. 

Whosoever has said that, it is not true. 



encore y sent sentir 

still, yet there smell to smell 

jusqu'a peut-etre presque 

until may-be almost 

alors au lieu jamais vers 

then instead never towards 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 67 



le mirroir the mirror la bourse the purse 

le sac the hand-bag la boite the box 

le peigne the comb la corbeille the basket 

ie savon the soap la brosse a dents the tooth-brush 
le flacon the smelling bottle la brosse a cheveux the hair-brush 

le parfum the perfume la poudre de riz the face powder 

le sachet the scent-bag la poudre dentifrice the tooth powder 

le razoir the razor la houppe the puff 



1. Ce porte-monnaie est plus joli que celui 
que vous avez. 2. Ma bourse et celle de ma 
soeur sont pareilles. 3. Cette boite-ci est jolie, 
mais celle-la est encore plus jolie. 4. Votre 
brosse a dents et votre brosse a cheveux sont 
dans la salle de bain, mais celles de votre soeur 
n'y sont pas. 5. Cette poudre dentifrice-ci est 
bonne, mais celle-la est meilleure. 6. Voici du 
savon et un flacon, oil sont ceuxque j'ai achetes 
hier ? 7 '. Mon peigne, celui de ma soeur et 
celui que j'ai mis sur la commode sont neufs. 
8. Le parfum qui est dans le flacon sent tres 
bon. 9. Ces sachets-ci et ceux de mon amie 
sont bleus. 10. Ce razoir coupe trop. 11. Ceci 
est bon, cela est mauvais. 



68 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



1. Here is a basket of flowers for your dear 
mother. 2. Where is my puff ? 3. This per- 
fume is good, but that one is better. 4. Have 
you seen my hand bag and the one I brought 
yesterday ? 5. Your ring and the one of your 
sister-in-law are beautiful. 6. My necklace, my 
cousin's and the one which is in the store are 
alike. 7. Where have you put my purse ? 8. 
In your bed room, on the bureau. 9, Give the 
scent bag to your friend. 



Onzieme Legon 



Possessive Pronouns 



Masculine 




Feminine 




Singular 


Plural 


Singular 


Plural 




le mien 


les miens 


la mienne 


les miennes 


mine 


le tien 


les tiens 


la tienne 


les tiennes 


thine, yours 


le sien 


les siens 


la sienne 


les siennes 


his, hers, its 


le notre 


les notres 


la notre 


les notres 


ours 


le votre 


les votres 


la votre 


les votres 


yours 


le leur 


les leurs 


la leur 


les leurs 


theirs 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



69 



Like the possessive adjective, the possessive 
pronoun agrees in gender and number with the 
thing possessed and not, as in English, with 
the possessor. 

J'ai mon livre, votre soeur a-t-elle le sien ? 

I have my book, has your sister hers ? 

Voici deux montres, votre frere a-t-il la sienne ? 

Here are two watches, has your brother his ? 



coudre 


raccommoder 


couper 


to sew 


to mend 


to cut 


dimanche 


lundi mardi 


mercredi 


Sunday 


Monday Tuesday 


Wednesday 


cousez 


raccommodez 


coupez 


sew 


mend 


cut 


Janvier 


fevrier mars 


avril 


January 


February March 


April 


le crochet the 


hook la pelotte a epingles the pin cushion 


les ciseaux the 


scissors l'aiguille 


the needle 


le de the 


thimble l'epingle 


the pin 


le coton the 


cotton la bobine 


the spool 


le bouton the button 1'agrafe 


the hook 


le passe-lacet the bodkin l'initiale 


the initial 


le fil the thread la soie 


the sewing silk 



70 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Elle a mes ciseaux et j'ai les siens. 2. Mon 
aiguille est bonne, mais la votre est meilleure. 
3. Cousez ce bouton-ci a ma robe et celui-la 
a mon jupon. 4. Son crochet est en argent et 
le votre est en or. 5. Raccommodez mes bas 
avec cette soie bleue. 6. La bobine de soie 
est plus grosse que la bobine de fil. 7. Voulez- 
vous me donner le de, le coton et le passe-lacet? 
8. Je prefere ces initiales-ci a celles-la. 9. Por- 
tez le fil blanc et la pelotte a epingles a la fem- 
me de chambre. 10. Mes enfants sont me- 
chants, mais les leurs sont encore plus mechants. 
11. Cousez une agrafe a mon corsage. 

1. Her ring is pretty, but yours is prettier. 

2. Give my apple and also yours to the cook. 

3. Please sew this button on my coat. 4. Will 
you give me a needle, two pins and the black 
thread ? 5. Please bring me the pin-cushion 
and a spool of red silk. 6. How are your mo- 
ther and sister? 7. My father's necktie and 
yours are alike. 8. Give the scissors and thim- 
ble to the dressmaker. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 71 



Douzieme Legon 



Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs 

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 
OF SUPERIORITY 

The comparative and superlative are formed 
by adding plus, (more) and le, la, or les plus, 

(the most) before the adjectives or adverbs, 

II est riche, mais sa soeur est 
plus riche que lui. 

He is rich, but his sister is richer than he. 

Madame S. est la plus jolie dame de toutes 
les dames qui sont ici. 

Mrs. S. is the prettiest of all the ladies who are here. 



The definite article is omitted when a posses- 
sive adjective precedes the superlative, 

Vos plus beaux chevaux. 

Your most beautiful horses. 

Mon plus joli chapeau et ma 
plus belle robe. 

My prettiest hat and my finest dress. 



72 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Exceptions 



bon meiileur le meilleur 

good better, best the best 



mauvais 

bad 

mauvais pire 

bad worse 



plus mauvais 

worse 

le pire 

the worst 



bien 

well 



mieux 

better 



le mieux 

the best 



le plus mauvais 

the worst 



mal 

badly 



pis le pis 

worse the worst 



davantage immediatement c'est-a-dire 

still more immediately that is to say 

jeudi vendredi samedi 

Thursday Friday Saturday 

sortir dire lire ecrire 

to go out to tell to read to write 



le matin 
le jour 
le soir 
le mois 
Tan 

le siecle 
le temps 
Tapres-midi 
le feu 
le repas 
le plaisir 
le chagrin 



the morning 
the day 
the evening 
the month 
the year 
the century 
the weather, time 
the afternoon 
the fire 
the meal 
the pleasure 
the sorrow! 



la matinee 
la journee 
la soiree 
la nuit 
l'annee 
la semaine 
la saison 
l'heure 
la minute 
la seconde 
la vie 
l'eternite 



the whole forenoon 

the whole day 

the whole evening 

the night 

the whole year 

the week 

the season 

the hour 

the minute 

the second 

the life 

the eternity 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 73 

1. Le diner est a une heure aujourd'hui. 2. 
Hier la soiree etait magnifique. 3. Si le temps 
est beau cet apres-midi, nous sortirons. 4. No- 
tre meilleur repas est le dejeuner. 5. Dites a la 
cuisiniere de fairedufeu dans la salle a manger. 

6. Cette pomme-ci est mauvaise, mais celle-la 
est encore plus mauvaise. 7. Votre exercise est 
mauvais, celui de votre frere est pire, mais ce- 
lui de votre soeur est le pire de tous. 8, Le 
meilleur mo is de l'annee est le mois de juin. 
9. Avez-vous apporte les plus grosses cerises. 
10- Dites au maitre d'hotel de servir le sou- 
per dans dix minutes. 11. Je lirai votre livre 
cette semaine. 12. Sa soeur a beaucoup de 
chagrin. 

1. We will be out all day. 2. This is the 
worst season of the year. 3. This book is good, 
but that one is better. 4. These pears are bad, 
those are worse, and the ones you have are the 
worst. 5. This little girl is the prettiest of the 
family. 6. The weather has been bad all evening. 

7. You have done your exercise badly, but he 



74 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

has done his worse. 8. My sister-in-law has the 
prettiest dresses and the prettiest jewels of all 
the ladies of our family. 9. This boy is the 
most intelligent pupil of the school. 10. He 
will go with pleasure if the weather is fine. 11. 
These peaches are good, those are better, but 
the ones in the basket are the best. 



Onzieme Legon 



Comparison of Adjectives and Ab verbs 

(continued) 

COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY 

Aussi— que, as — as, for the affirmative, 

Pas aussi— que, not as, pas si— que, not so, 

for the negative, 

Elle est aussi aimable que sa soeur, mais 

elle n'est pas aussi (or pas si) jolie. 

She is as amiable as her sister, but 
she is not as pretty. 

II est aussi grand que son frere. 

He is as tall as his brother. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 75 



COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 
OF INFERIORITY 

Peu, little, moins, less, 
le, la, or les moins, the least. 

II a peu de viande, vous en avez moins que 
moi, mais c'est Pierre qui en a 
le moins. 

He has little meat, you have less than I, but 
Peter has the least. 

Than before a noun and number is expressed 

by de, 

JPai moins de viande que vous. 

I have less meat than you. 

Mon frere a plus de dix livres. 

My brother has more than ten books. 

The expressions more and more, less and less, 

are rendered by de plus en plus, de moins en 
moins, 

Nous aimons cette maison de plus en plus. 

We like this house more and more. 

Paul travaille de moins en moins. 

Paul works less and less. 



76 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



charmant 


charming 


charmante 


epais 


thick 


epaisse 


ordinaire 


ordinary, common 


ordinaire 


aimable 


amiable, lovable 


aimable 


fidele 


faithful 


fidele 


celebre 


celebrated 


celebre 


fort 


strong 


forte 


habile 


clever 


habile 


illustre 


illustrious 


illustre 


utile 


useful 


utile 


juste 


just, right 


juste 


possible 


possible 


possible 


laborieux 


industrious 


laborieuse 


libre 


free, at liberty 


libre 


delicieux 


delicious 


delicieuse 


courageux 


courageous 


courageuse 



1. Le chien est le plus fidele de tous les ani- 
maux. 2. Votre oncle est Tavocat le plus cele- 
bre de la ville. 3. C'est sans le moindre plaisir 
que je vois cet enfant. 4. Votre frere Jean est 
courageux, mais son ami est encore plus cou- 
rageux que lui. 5. lis ne sont pas aussi riches 
que leurs amis, mais ils sont plus aimables. 6. 
Marie est aussi jolie que sasoeur, mais elle n'est 
pas aussi polie. 7. Les chevaux sont plus utiles 
que les anes. 8. Le lion est le plus fort des 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 77 

animaux. 9. Henri est le meilleur eleve de 
la classe, et Louis le plus mauvais. 10. Ces 
robes-ci sont plus ordinaires que celles-la. 11. 
Elle a moins de bijoux que son amie, mais les 
siens sont plus beaux. 12. Elles sont les plus 
heureuses de toutes. 13. J'aime cette petite 
iille de plus en plus 14. Je le vois de moins en 
moins. 

1. Books are my best friends. 2. His garden 
is bigger than yours, but yours is more beautiful. 
3. The potato is a very useful plant. 4. Do 
you like strawberries better than raspberries ? 

5. Diamonds are more expensive than pearls. 

6. Your ink is thicker than mine. 7. Their 
children are more polite than their neighbor's. 
8. He is stronger than his friend, but he is not 
so clever. 9. These big oranges are delicious. 
10. Marie is the most industrious pupil of her 
class. 11. To-day I am at liberty. 12. Every- 
body likes to be free. 13. This man is just 
and clever. 14. Victor Hugo was the most 
illustrious writer of the nineteenth century. 



78 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Quatorzieme Legon 



Cardinal Numbers 

The cardinal numbers are un, deux, trois, 
quatre, etc. Un becomes une before a feminine 
noun, 

vingt et une fleurs. 

twenty-one flowers. 

Et must be used in 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, but 
never in 81 and 91, 

vingt et un, quatre-vingt-un. 

twenty-one, eighty-one. 

quatre- vingt-onze. 

ninety-one. 

Neither a nor one is expressed before cent 
or mille, and mille in dates becomes mil, 

cent francs, mille dollars. 

a hundred francs, a thousand dollars, 

Fan mil neuf cent dix. 

the year nineteen hundred and ten. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



79 



Un million et un milliard are followed by 
de before a noun, 



un million de francs, 

one million francs, 



un million de dollars. 

one million dollars. 



preferer 

to prefer 

offrir 

to offer 

sentir 



tout, tous, toutes cueillir 

all to gather, pick 



offrons 

let us offer 



eclore 

to open 



va 



to feel, smell is going 



couvrir 

to cover 



fleurir 

to bloom 



le bouton 
le muguet 
le souci 
le geranium 
le lilas 
le lis 

le coquelicot 
le bleuet 
le reseda 
le dahlia 
le bouquet 
le rosier 



the bud 

the lily of the valley 
the marigold 
the geranium 
the lilac 
the lily-daffodil 
the wild-poppy 
the corn-flower 
the mignonette 
the dahlia 
the nosegay 
the rose-bush 



l'espece 
la fleur 
la rose 
la violette 
la pensee 
la tulipe 
la mousse 
la primevere 
la jonquille 

la marguerite 

la branche 
la tige 



the kind 
the flower 
the rose 
the violet 
the pansy 
the tulip 
the moss 
the primrose 
the jonquil 
the daisy 
the branch 
the stem 



80 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Nous avons vingt-quatre especes de dahlias 
dans notre jardin. 2. Je prefere la violette a la 
primevere, parce qu'elle sent bon. 3. Ces lis 
sont plus beaux que ceux de notre jardin. 4. 
Avez-vous vu les pensees et les marguerites de 
notre voisin? 5. La rose est la plus belle des 
fleurs. 6. Cueillez un bouquet de coqueli- 
cots, de marguerites et de bleuets pour votre 
cousine. 7. Les boutons de ce rosier vont fleu- 
rir. 8. Vos geraniums roses ne sont pas aussi 
beaux que vos geraniums rouges. 9, Regardez, 
il y la quatre boutons sur cette tige. 10. Cette 
branche est couverte de fleurs. 11. Portez ces 
jolies fleurs a 1'eglise. 12. Offrez ces roses aux 
dames qui sont dans le salon. 

1. How many roses have you? 2. I have 
four roses, five jonquils and six branches of the 
lily of the valley. 3. Prepare a basket of flowers 
for your mother, and put some moss in it. 4. 
Will you pick some mignonettes, pansies, jon- 
quils, lilacs, and make a nosegay. 5. Give this 
rose to your little friend. 6. Those white lilacs 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 81 

are beautiful. 7. This marigold is going to 
open. 8. The prettiest flowers are the rose, the 
lily-daffodil, the dahlia and the tulip. 9. Go 
into the garden, and pick some violets, prim- 
roses and pansies. 10. Let us offer these 
beautiful dahlias to the ladies. 



Quinzieme Legon 



Ordinal Numbers 

The ordinal numbers agree in gender and 
number with the noun which they modify, 

le premier livre, les premieres pages. 

the first book, the first pages. 

With the exception of premier and second, 
an ordinal number is formed by adding ieme 
to the cardinal number, 

deuxieme, troisieme, quatrieme. 

second, third, fourth. 



82 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

In dates and titles of sovereigns, cardinal 
numbers are used except for the first, 

le quatre mai, le premier juin. 

the fourth of May, the first of June. 

Henri quatre. 

Henry the Fourth. 

On and of are not translated for the dates, 
nor the article for the sovereigns, 

Louis quatorze, Francois premier. 

Louis the Fourteenth, Francis the First. 

J'irai le voir mardi prochain. 

I will go and see him on Tuesday next. 

rendre a droite a gauche travailler 

to give back to the right to the left to work 

toujours faire connaissance ensuite 

always to make acquaintance then 

mai juin juillet aout 

May June July August 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



S3 



le bien 
le mal 
le defaut 
le peche 
le vice 
Fesprit 
le caractere 
le sentiment 

le savoir-vivre 

Torgueil 

lamour propre 



the good 

the evil, harm 

the defect, fault 

the sin 

the vice 

the wit 

the temper 

the feeling 

the good manners 

the pride 

the self-respect 



la bonte 
la politesse 
la vertu 
la chose 
Phonnetete 
l'habilete 
!a paresse 
la faute 
Pamitie 

ame 
la qualite 



the goodness 
the politeness 
the virtue 
the thing 
the honesty 
the cleverness 
the idleness 
the mistake, fault 
the friendship 
the soul 
the quality 



1* La bonte est la premiere des vertus. 2. Qui 
demeure Madame Dupont ? 3. Au troisieme 
etage, la porte a droite. 4. Le jeune homme 
avec qui nous avons fait connaissance hier soir 
a beaucoup de savoir-vivre. 5. La politesse est 
une qualite que nous aimons chez les enfants. 
6. Le bien et le mal nous seront rendus* 7. II 
y a deux fautes dans la troisieme phrase de votre 
exercice, et une dans la cinquieme. 8. Lisez & 
la vingtieme page de votre livre. 9. Apprenez 
la quarante et unieme le9on. 10. Notre cuisi- 
niere a un mauvais caractere. 11. Ce petit gar- 
£on n'a pas d'amour propre, il n'aime pas a tra- 



/ 



84 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

vailler. 12. L/orgueil est un defaut. 13. Soy- 
ons toujours bons et honnetes. 14. La paresse 
est un grand defaut. 

1. The gentleman who dined with us last 
night has much wit. 2. The first and third 
sentences of your exercise are badly done. 3. 
Don't you like to work my child?. Idleness is a 
great fault. 4. This old lady has a beautiful 
soul. 5. We see the least fault in our neigh- 
bors, but we do not see our own big ones. 5. 
Vice is odious. 7. The qualities we like the 
best are goodness and politeness. 8. Where is 
the church, please ? 9. Take the first street to 
the left, then the second to the right. 10. We 
shall go to the museum on the fifth of May. 



□ 

□Q 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 85 



Seizieme Legon 



Relative Pronouns 

The relative pronoun subject (who, which, 
that) is qui. It is used for persons and things when 
preceded by no preposition, and only used for 
persons after a preposition, 

La dame qui est arrivee. 

The lady who has arrived. 

L'amie de qui je vous ai parle. 

The friend of whom I spoke. 

The relative pronoun object (who, which, 
that) is que, 

L'enfant que nous avons vu. 

The child that we have seen. 

Le crayon que je vous ai prete. 

The pencil that I lent you. 

The relative pronoun in French is never omit- 
ted. The e of que is elided before a vowel; the 
i of qui is never dropped, 

L'enfant qui a perdu son crayon. 

The child who lost his pencil. 

Le crayon qu'il a perdu. 

The pencil that he lost. 



86 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

jouer accompagner chanter 

to play to accompany to sing 

septembre octobre novembre decembre 

September October November December 

demander chantez-vous ? vouloir 

to ask do you sing ? to wish 



1'orchestre 
le musicien 
le chant 
!e violon 
1'orgue 
1'air 

{'instrument 
le concert 
le talent 
le cuivre 
le jeu 



the orchestra 
the musician 
the singing 
the violin 
the organ 
the time 
the instrument 
the concert 
the talent 
the brass 
the play, game 



la danseuse 
la danse 
la musique 
la chanson 
la harpe 
la mandoline 
la flute 
la guitare 
la demoiselle 
la voix 
la trombone 



the dancer 
the dance 
the music 
the song 
the harp 
the mandolin 
the flute 
the guitar 
the young lady 
the voice 
the trombone 



1. Voulez-vous m'accompagner au concert 
demain? 2. Volontiers, je m'en ferai un plai- 
sir. 3. Ce musicien a beaucoup de talent. 4. 
Mon neveu aime a jouer du piano et du violon, 
mais il n'aime pas a jouer de la trombone. 5. Je 
prefere aussi les instruments a corde aux instru- 
ments de cuivre. 6. Je n'aime pas la voix de 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 87 

la demoiselle qui chante. 7. Le morceau que 
ce monsieur vient de jouer est tres beau. 8. 
La guitare, le violon, la harpe et la mandoline 
sont des instruments a corde. 9. Les jeunes 
filles que nous avons vues danser hier soir sont 
ici. 10. Ma soeur ne veut pas nous accompagner 
au bal, parce qu'elle n'aime pas a danser. 11. 
Voici le musicien qui a si bien joue. 

1. The lady who played the piano is very 
charming. 2. Will you play a tune on the piano, 
and I will accompany you on the violin. 3. 
The ladies that we have seen will be at the ball 
to-night. 4. I do not like to go to the ball 
because I do not dance well. 5. Go and invite 
that young lady who is with her mother. 6. 
If you will sing a song, my sister will accompany 
you on the piano. 7. Ask this gentleman to 
play a tune on the harp. 8. This orchestra is 
not very good. 9. Do you sing? 10. No, but 
I like to dance. 11. Do you play the piano or 
the violin? 12. I do not play the piano nor the 
violin, but I play the flute and the guitar. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Dix-septieme Legon 



Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives 

Qui? or qui est-ce qui? (subject) Who ? 
De qui ? Of whom ? 

Qui (or qui est-ce qui) a sonne? 

Who rang? 

Qui etes-vous? 

Who are you? 

De qui parliez-vous ? 

Of whom were you speaking r 

De qui? A qui? (possessive) Whose? 

Qui? or qui est-ce que? (object) Whom ? 

A qui est cette plume ? 

Whose pen is this ? 

Qui avez-vous vu? 

Whom did you see? 

Qui est-ce que vous avez vu ? 

Whom did you see ? 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 89 

Qui? lequel? lesquels? m. Which, which one, which of? 
Qui? laquelle? lesquelles? f. Which, which one, which of? 

Le carreau est brise; qui Pa brise ? 

The pane is broken; which of you did it ? » 

Lequel de ces messieurs est votre ami ? 

Which one of these gentlemen is your friend ? 

Que ? quoi ? quel ? quels ? m. What ? 
Que? quoi? quelle? quelles? f. What? 

Quels livres avez-vous ? 

What books have you ? 

Que voulez-vous f aire ? 

What do you wish to do ? 



Lequel, laquelle, etc. and quel, quelle, etc. 

agree in gender and number with the noun 
referred to; quoi is used with a preposition or 
alone, 

Lequel de ces deux man tea ux mettez-vous ? 

Which of these two coats do you put on ? 

De quoi parlez-vous ? 

Of what are you speaking ? 

Quoi ! ils tie ne sont plus ici. 

What ! they are no longer here. 



90 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Duquel, de laquelle, desquels, desquelles or 
de qui, (persons only) (of which, of whom, 
whose,) may be expressed by dont, when they 
are not interrogative, 

La petite fille dont (or de qui) 
je vous ai parle est ici. 

The little girl of whom I spoke 
to you is here. 

Donnez-moi tous les livres dont (or desquels) 
je vous ai parle. 



Give 


me all the books 
I spoke to you, 


of which 


Volontiers 


venir de 


vraiment 


willingly 


just 


truly, really 



entrer indiquer appartenir laver 

to enter to point out to belong to wash 

penser a la maison lorsque 

to think at home then 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



91 



le tissu 


the material 


la laine 


the wool 


le drap 


the cloth 


la soie 


the silk 


le taffetas 


the taffeta 


la serge 


the serge 


le coton 


the cotton 


la flanelle 


the flannel 


le tulle 


the tulle, net 


la batiste 


the cambric 


le ruban 


the ribbon 


la toile 


the linen 


le dessin 


the pattern 


la dentelle 


the lace 


le rayon 


the department 


ia couleur 


the color 


le manteau 


the coat 


la nuance 


the shade 


le carreau 


the check 


la doublure 


the lining 


le velours 


the velvet 


la rayure 


the stripe 


le satin 


the satin 


la garniture 


the trimming 



1. Votre manteau est magnifique. 2. Qui 
l'a fait? 3. C'est le tailleur de qui je vous ai 
parle. 4. De qui parliez-vous, lorsque je suis 
entre ? 5. A qui est cette jolie robe ? 6. Vou- 
lez-vous m'indiquer le rayon des tissus de laine? 
7. Quel dessin preferez-vous, les carreaux ou 
les rayures? 8. J'aime ces carreaux, mais je 
n'aime pas la couleur* 9. De qui etes-vous le 
tils ? 10. Lequel de ces chapeaux preferez-vous ? 
1 1. J'aime mieux celui avec la garniture de tul- 
le et de velours. 12. Lesquels de ces messieurs 
sont arrives hier ? 13. Que voulez-vous dire ? 
14. A qui pensez-vous ? 15. De quoi parlez- 



92 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

vous, du ruban ou de la dentelle? 16. Quelle 
doublure desirez-vous ? 17. Je desire une dou- 
blure de satin ou de taffetas. 

1. What a pretty velvet dress ! 2. Whose 
coats are those? 3. They belong to my sister 
and my mother-in-law. 4. What did you see 
at the silk department ? 5. I have seen pretty 
satin, taffeta and velvet. 6. Of what do you 
speak? 7. We speak of the flannel, serge and 
cloth we have seen at the store. 8. What are 
you thinking of ? 9. What ribbons have you ? 
10. Who is there? 11. Of whom do they speak? 
12. Whose son is he? 13. Whose children are 
they? 14. This exercise is badly done. 15. 
Which of you did it ? 16. What lining have 
you ? 17. What color is this cambric? 18. 
Which one of these hats do you prefer ? 19. To 
whom is she speaking ? 



a 

□□ 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 93 



Dix-huitieme Legon 



Personal Pronouns Objects 

Direct object Indirect object 

me me nous us me to me nous to us 

te thee, you VOUS you te to thee VOUS to you 

le him, it les them(m)lui to himleur to them(m) 
la her, it les them (f) lui to her leur to them (f) 

They always precede the verb, except in im- 
perative affirmative, 

L'avez-vous vu ? Have you seen him? 

Je lui ai donne de bons conseils. 

I gave him some good advice. 

IMPERATIVE AFFIRMATIVE 

Avez-vous sa montre ? Donnez-Ia-lui. 

Have you his watch ? Give it to him. 

IMPERATIVE NEGATIVE 

Avez-vcus sa montre ? Ne la lui donnez pas. 

Have you his watch ? Do not give it to him. 



94 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



je voudrais refaire voyez-vous 

I would like to remake do you see ? 

porter regardez refaire a bon marche 

to wear look at to remodel cheap 

aider habiter applaudir perdre 

to help to live to applaud to lose 



?e manchon 


the muff 


la fourrure 


the fur 


1'astrakan 


the astrakhan 


la zibeline 


the sable 


le vison 


the mink 


Phermine 


the ermine 


le genre 


the kind, sort, 


fashion la parure 


the set 


le renard 


the fox 


la peau 


the skin 


le fourreur 


the furrier 


la mode 


the fashion 


le noeud 


the bow 


la cravate 


the scarf 


le sluing 


the skunk 


la martre 


the marten 



1. Voulez-vous m'accompagner chez le four- 
reur, je voudrais acheter une parure. 2. Quel 
genre de fourrure desirez-vous, Madame? 3. J'ai- 
merais une fourrure de skung ou de renard noir. 

4. Savez-vous ou est mon chapeau de fourrure. 

5. Portez-le chez le fourreur pour le faire refaire. 

6. Donnez-moi mon manchon et ma cravate 
d'astrakan. 7. Madame Durand porte les plus 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 95 

jolies fourrures d'hermine que j'aie jamais vues. 
8. Marie, je vous ai demande la peau de loutre, 
et vous ne me l'avez pas donnee. 9. Le vison 
et le renard sont tres a la mode. 10. Avez-vous 
la robe et le chapeau de ma fille ? 11. Donnez- 
les-lui. 12. Le noeud de ce chapeau est mal 
fait. 

1. I do not like this kind of fur. 2. Have 
you seen my scarf and my muff? 3. Give them 
to me. 4. My aunt has the most beautiful furs 
of all the ladies who are here. 5. Have you 
her bracelet? 6. Give it to her. 7. This is the 
fur I have chosen, do you like it ? 8. Will you 
accompany us to the store? 9. Give these pears 
to them. 10. Give this apple to her. 11. Do 
you see me? 12. Do you see them ? 13. Look 
at him. 14. Look at her. 15. Come and see 
us to-morrow evening. 



D 

□□ 



96 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Dix-neuvieme Legon 



Disjunctive Pronouns 

The disjunctive pronouns are, 

moi I, me nous we, us 

toi thou, thee vous you 

lui he, him eux they, them (m.plj 

elle she, her elles they, them (f. pi.) 

moi-meme myself nous-memes ourselves 

toi-meme thyself vous-memes yourselves 

iui-mema himself eux-memes themselves (m.) 

elle-meme herself elles-memes themselves (f.) 

soi-meme one's self vous-meme yourself 



The disjunctive pronoun generally follows 
the verb, is used with a preposition, or alone, or 
for emphasis, 



Qu'il aille chez lui. 

Let him go home. 

Qui est la? Moi, 

Who is there ? I. 



Donnez-moi cette fleur. 

Give me this flower. 



Vous, vous etes perdu. 

You, you are lost. 



Je le ferai moi-meme. 

I shall do it myself. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



97 



saviez-vous ? habillee amuser rencontrer 

did you know ? dressed to amuse to meet 

mentionner ne peut pas il vaut mieux 

to mention cannot it is better 

jamais sort autrefois veut souvent 

never goes out formerly wants often 



le sport 
le tennis 
le golf 
le jouet 
le billard 
le domino 
le joueur 
1'aeroplane 
le patinage 
le perdant 
le gagnant 
le cerceau 



the sport 

the tennis 
the golf 
the plaything 
the billiards 
the domino 
the player 
the aeroplane 
the skating 
the loser 
the winner 
the hoop 



la raquette 
la balle 
la poupee 
la canne 
la carte 
la bille 
la quille 

la gymnastique 

{'equitation 
la course 
Taviation 
la toupie 



the racket 
the ball 
the doll 
the cane 
the playing card 
the marble 
the skittle 
the gymnastics 
the riding 
the race 
the aviation 
the spinning top 



1. Saviez-vous que Madame Leroy faisait ses 
robes elles-meme ? 2. Oui, je le savais, elle est 
tres habile, car elle est toujours la mieux habillee 
de toutes ces dames. 3. Etes-vous le gagnant a 
la course? 4. Non, ce n'est pas moi, c'est lui. 



98 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

5. Voyez-vous cette enfant qui joue avec sa pou- 
pee, c'est lafille de notre voisin. 6. Voulez-vous 
m'accompagner dans ce magasin, je voudrais 
des jouets pour les enfants; un jeu de quilles,une 
balle, un cerceau et une toupie. 7. Jouez-vous 
aux cartes et aux dominos ? 8. Non, mais je 
joue aux echecs et au billard. 9. Qui est entre? 

10. Moi. 11. Lui et moi, nous jouerons au golf 
demain. 12. Qui gagne? 13 Lui et elle, et 
nous sommes les perdants. 14. Le monsieur 
que nous rencontrons tous les jours ne sort ja- 
mais sans sa canne. 

1. Do you like sport? 2. Does your brother 
play golf or tennis ? 3. He plays golf, tennis, 
and also skates. 4. Who wants to play tennis ? 
5. We. 6. Bring your racket and ball. 7. My 
mother and I go to church on Sunday. 8. 
Who is there? 9. I. 10. Who is the winner? 

11. He, and I am the loser. 12. Give the 
hoop and the spinning top to your brother. 13. 
Who plays billiards? 14. My uncle and I. 15. 
Whose is the pretty doll ? 16. It belongs to my 



PRERARATORY FRENCH COURSE 99 

little niece. 17. The butler said he could not 
.go to the store. 13. Well, we shall go ourselves. 
19. Do you go to the races today. 20. Do 
you play cards? 21. My aunt brought me some 
marbles and a game of skittles. 



Vingtieme Leqon 



Verbs 



In French there are four conjugations. The 
endings are, er for the first, as chanter, dormer, 
ir for the second, as finir, choisir, — oir for the 
third, as recevoir, devoir, — re for the fourth, as 
rendre, prendre. 





Conjugations 




First 


Second Third 


Fourth 


aimer 


finir recevoir 


rendre 


to love 


to finish to receive 

Aimer, c'est vivre. 

To love is to live. 


to render 



100 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

The present and imperfect indicative have 
only one form in French, 

Je parle. 

I speak, or I do speak, or I am speaking. 

Parlez-vous ? 

Do you speak, or are you speaking ? 

Je chantais. 

I was singing, or I used to sing. 

Chantiez-vous ? 

Were you singing ? 

The present indicative is used at the present 
time, or when something is going to be done 
in a short time, or when the action is going on, 

Je lis, also Je suis en train de lire. 

I am reading. 

Je sors cet apres-midi. 

I shall go out this afternoon. 

La terre tourne. 

The earth goes around. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 101 

After si, the present of the indicative is used 
instead of the future, 

Je jouerai, si ma mere me le permet, 

I shall play, if my mother will allow it. 

The imperfect denotes that the action is 
going on at the same time as another, or as a 
continued or customary action, also when de- 
scribing persons and things, 

Quand je suis entre, il chantait. 

When I entered he was singing. 

Quand tous les autres avaient fini, il 
mangeait encore. 

When all the others had finished, he 
was still eating. 

Autrefois j'allais au theatre tous les vendredis. 

Formerly I used to go to the theatre every Friday. 

Napoleon etait un grand genie. 

Napoleon was a great genius. 

After si, the imperfect is used instead of the 
conditional, 

Je le f erais, si je le pouvais. 

I would do it if I could. 



102 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



a haute voix 


a voix basse etre a la mode 


aloud 


in a low tone to be in style 


couler 


dont loin laisser 


to run 


of which far to leave 



partir etudier aller a pied au contraire 

to depart to study to go on foot on the contrary 



le bord 
le pays 
!e village 
le hameau 
le paysage 
le f leuve 
le ruisseau 
1'etang 
le bois 
le chemin 
le lac 
le fond 



the shore 
the country 
the village 
the hamlet 
the landscape 
the river 
the brook 
the pond 
the wood 
the way 
the lake 
the bottom 



la plage 
la campagne 
la ville 
la vallee 
la colline 
la riviere 
la mer 
la foret 
la route 
la source 
la fontaine 
la fee 



the beach 
the country 
the city, town 
the valley 
the hill 

the small river 
tne sea 
the forest 
the road 
the spring 
the fountain 
the fairy 



1. Nous esp^rons aller a la campagne demain. 
2. La France est un des plus beaux pays d'Eu- 
rope. 3. Du haut de la colline le paysage est 
magnifique. 4. Regardez la jolie petite riviere 
qui coule au fond de la vallee. 5. J'aime a boi- 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 103 

re de Teau a la source. 6. La route est longue 
pour aller a pied jusqu'au village. 7. Voulez- 
vous venir au hameau voir la pauvre femme 
dont je vous ai parle. 8. Ouand j'etais jeune, 
je jouais souvent sous ces grands arbres au bord 
du ruisseau. 9. Si nos amis n'etaient pas alles 
a la plage, ils seraient venus a la campagne avec 
nous. 10. Le lac est-il loin d'ici? 11 La Loi- 
re est le plus grand fleuve de France. 1 2. Si nous 
n'allons pas au theatre aujourd'hui, nous irons 
demain. 13. Le voyez-vous sur la route ? 14. 
Regardez, le voici. 15. Qui regardiez-vous? 
16. Je la regardais. 

1. Are you going to the beach? 2. No, we 
are going on the river bank. 3. From the top 
of the hill the landscape is magnificent. 4. I like 
the country much better than the city. 5. Last 
year we were at the mountains, but this year 
we shall go to the seashore. 6. Look at the 
children playing marbles near the pond. 7. 
Yes, they are my nephews and our neighbor's 
children. 8. They were rich and now they 



104 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

are poor. 9. Who was in the living room ? 10. 
The lawyer's daughter and the doctor's son 
were there when I left. 11. When you came, 
we were out. 12. I thought you were playing. 
13. Were you not playing? 14. I was not play- 
ing, I was studying. 



Vingt et unieme Legem 



Verbs (continued) 

The past definite denotes an action or state 
which took place at a definite time in the past. 
It is used only in narrative or historical style, 

Joffre gagna la bataille de la Marne. 

Joffre won the battle of the Marne. 

11 tomba ma lade le 12 juin et mourut le 14. 

He became ill the twelfth of June and 
died the fourteenth. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 105 

The past indefinite is used instead of the past 
definite in conversation, 

J'ai travaille toute la journee. 

I worked all day. 

Avez-vous vu mon chien? 

Have you seen my dog ? 

Did is generally translated by the past inde- 
finite, 

Avez-vous fait votre exercice? Oui 
Madame, je Pai fait. 

Have you done your exerciser Yes 
Madam, I did it. 

Pluperfect is used when two actions are past 
but when the first is prior to the second, 

Nous avions fini quand il est arrive. 

We had finished when he arrived. 

The past anterior expresses an action imme- 
diately prior to the one expressed by the past 
definite, 

Apres que ta soeur eut chante, nous entrames. 

After your sister had sung, we entered. 



106 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



perdu 

lost 



gagner 

to win 



blesser 

to wound 



adieu 

farewell 

bientot 

soon 



constamment 

constantly 

generalement 

generally 



quoique 

whatever 

loin 

far 

a peine 

scarcely 



le pigeon 
le geai 
l'oiseau 
le canard 
le corbeau 
le merle 
le nid 

le moineau 
le serin 

le rouge-gorge 

le papillon 



the pigeon 
the jay 
the bird 
the duck 
the crow 
the blackbird 
the nest 
the sparrow 
the canary 
the robin 
the butterfly 



la tourterelle 
l'hirondeile 
la perdrix 
la cane 
la perruche 
la corneille 
la pie 
la cage 
la paille 
la forme 
la mouette 



the turtle dove 
the swallow 
the partridge 
the female duck 
the parrot 
the carrion-crow 
the magpie 
the cage 
the straw 
the shape 
the sea-gull 



1. Que faites-vous aujourcThui? 2. Nous 
allons a la peche toute la journee. 3. Un jour 
ilrecontra une fee qui lui dit: Mon pauvre horn- 
me, je sais que vous etes miserable et je veux 
vous aider. 4. Nous avons vu de jolis oiseaux 
dans le bois; il y avait des moineaux, des tourte- 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 107 

relies, des pies et des geais. 5. Quand nous 
habitions a la campagne, nous avions deux 
serins et un perroquet dans des cages, et aussi 
des poules et des canards. 6. Avez-vous vu la 
corneille dans son nid ? 7. Regardez les mou- 
ettes sur la mer. 8. A peine eut-il parle, on 
l'applaudit. 9. L/oiseau fait son nid de mousse 
et de paille, et lui donne sa forme. 10. Avez- 
vous rencontre les pauvres petits enfants qui pleu- 
raient?ils m'ont dit qu'ils avaient perdu leur 
chemin. 

1. Did you see the partridge and the crow? 
2. I have seen the swallow and the sparrow. 3. 
Where did you see them ? 4. I have seen them 
in the wood near our house. 5. When we lived 
in the country we had two canaries in a cage, 
and they sang all day long. 6. Napoleon won 
most of his battles, but at last he lost the battle 
of Waterloo. 7. The sea-gulls are pretty birds. 
8. The crow is black. 9. Have you seen the 
poor little wounded pigeon? 10. We had not 
finished our work when he came. 11. If you 



108 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 






had come sooner, we should have gone. 12. This 
boy plays the violin badly. 13. When we came 
back from the forest, we saw robins, blackbirds 
and butterflies. 14, Did you meet the child 
who was crying ? he told me that he had fallen 
down. 



Vingt-deuxieme Le^on 



Verbs (continued) 

The future indicates the action in the future. 
After quand, lorsque, (when) aussitot, des que, 

(as soon as) the future is used instead of the 
present indicative, 

Quand nous arriverons, ils seront partis. 

When we arrive, they will be gone. 

The future anterior indicates that the two 
actions will take place in the future, but the 
first is prior to the second, 

Quand il aura dormi, il sera mieux. 

When he has slept, he will be better. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 109 

The conditional is used for present or future 
time. It does not denote a condition, but a con- 
clusion to a condition. 

Si j'osais, je parlerais. 

If I dared, I would speak. 

After si the conditional is used only in the 
sense of whether, 

Nous ne savions pas s'iis viendraient. 

We did not know whether they would come. 

The past conditional is used for the past 
time, 

Si vous etiez venu, je serais reste. 

If you had come, I should have stayed. 

couvert pleuvoir abriter cesser 

covered to rain to shelter, to cease 

pendant laisser aller briller 

during to let go to shine 

revenir louer obliger surpris 

to come back to hire to oblige surprised 



110 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



le soleil 


the sun 


la lune 


the moon 


le ciel 


the sky 


l'etoile 


the star 


Fair 


the air 


la pluie 


the rain 


1'orage 


the storm 


la neige 


the snow 


Pocean 


the ocean 


la glace 


the ice 


le vent 


the wind 


la grele 


the hail 


le nord 


the North 


la boue 


the mud 


le sud 


the South 


la poussiere 


the dust 


l'est 


the East 


Taverse 


the shower 


Touest 


the West 


la terre 


the earth 


le tonnerre the thunder 


la secheresse the dryness 


1'eclair 


the flash of lightning 


j l'humidite 


the dampness 


le f roid 


the cold 


la chaleur 


the heat 



1 . Le ciel est couvert de nuages, il pleuvra dans 
la soiree. 2. Nous avons eu beaucoupd'humidite 
cette annee. 3. II fait tres froid aujourd'hui, ne 
laissez pas sortir les enfants. 4. Hier la grele 
est tombee une partie de la journee. 5. Ce vent 
du nord est tres froid. 6. II y a trop de boue 
pour sortir aujourd'hui, nous sortirons demain 
si le soleil brille. 7. Le soleil, la lune et les 
etoiles nous eclairent. 8. Si j'avais autant d'ar- 
gent qu'eux, je ferais du bien. 9. Dites.au mai- 
tre d'hotel de nous apporter trois verres d'eau et 
de la glace. 10. La neige est tombee toute la 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 111 

nuit. 11. Je croyais qu'il pleuvrait, mais il fera 
beau temps. 12. L'orage a ete nioins violent 
que je ne le pensais. 13. Quel temps fait-il au- 
jourd'hui. 

1. Did it rain when you were in the country i 
2. We came back because there was too much 
dampness. 3. The snow was so high in the 
street that we were obliged to hire a cab. 4. 
The moon and the stars shine in the sky. 5. 
The storm was so violent that we were obliged 
to seek shelter in a little house in the wood. 6. 
If the rain had ceased we should have gone in 
town. 7. I did not know whether he would 
stay or go. 8. I should be happy if she staved 
here. 9. Bring us two glasses, one lemon and 
some ice. 10. When we were on the ocean, 
there was a tempest. 11. The thunder was so 
strong that my daughter was obliged to stay in 
town. 12. How is the weather to-day? 13. 
Where were they during the shower? 14. 
This afternoon the sun shines. 15. As soon as 
the snow ceases to fall he will go to school. 16. 
What would you do if you had as much money 
as they ? 



112 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Vingt-troisieme Legon 



Verbs (continued) 

The subjunctive is rarely used in the principal 
clause; it is used after a verb expressing necessity, 
uncertainty, emotion, command, consent, etc- 

II f aut que je parte* 

I must go. 

Ce n'est pas certain qu'il vienne. 

It is not certain that he will come. 

Je suis surpris qu'il ait fait cela, 

I am surprised that he has done that. 

Je veux que vous travailliez davantage, 

I want you to work more. 

Je consens quelle y aille, 

1 consent to her going there, 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 113 

The subjunctive is generally used after the 
verbs penser, croire and esperer in interrogative 
and negative sentences, but not in affirmative, 

Pensez-vous qu'il vienne? 

Do you think that he will come ? 

Je ne crois pas qu'elle soit malade. 

I do not believe that she is sick. 

JPespere qu'ils sont arrives. 

I hope that they have arrived. 

The subjunctive is used after certain conjunc- 
tions as afin que, (in order that,) avant que, 
(before,) etc. 

Je vous aiderai afin que vous soyez pret. 

I will help you in order that you may be ready. 

Nous irons le voir avant qu'il parte. 

We will so and see him before he goes. 

If the verb in the principal clause is in the 
present indicative or future, the subjunctive is 
in the present, 

11 demand e que je Paccompagne. 

He asks me to accompany him. 



114 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

If the verb in the principal clause is a past 
tense, the imperfect of subjunctive is generally 
used; however it must be avoided in conversa- 
tion, when the imperfect of indicative or condi- 
tional is used instead, 

Pierre demandait que je 1'accompagnasse. 

Peter asked me to accompany him. 

Je ne croyais pas qu'il le ferait* 

I did not believe that he would do it. 

After the words eviter, to avoid, empecher 
to prevent, prendre garde, to take care, and 
after a verb of fear in the subordinate clause, the 
subjunctive generally takes the expletive ne in 
the affirmative sentence, 

De crainte qu'il ne tombe. 

For fear he will fall. 

Prenez garde qu'il ne vous voie. 

Take care that he sees you. 




PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



115 



faire des achats pouvoir devoir mentir 

shopping to be able task to lie 

pourvu que suivre reussir baigner 

provided that to follow to succeed to bathe 

offenser faites attention trembler 

to offend pay attention to tremble 

a temps de crainte que davantage seul 

in time for fear more alone 



le bateau the boat 
le paquebot the steamer 



le marin 
le port 
le sable 
le phare 
T equipage 
le pont 



the sailor 
the port 
the sand 
the lighthouse 
the crew 
the deck 



la cabine 
la couchette 
la cote 
la falaise 
la jetee 
la maree 
la vague 
la traversee 



the cabin 

the berth 
the coast 
the cliff 
the pier 
the tide 
the wave 
the crossing 



1. II faut que vous f inissiez vos devoirs, avant 
d'aller chez vos amis. 2. Ce n'est pas certain 
qu'ils puissent aller en ville cet apres-midi. 3. 
Je tremble qu'il ne lui soit arrive un accident. 
4. Votre pere et moi, nous voulons que vous 
soyez plus modeste, 5. Je consens que vous vous 



116 PRERARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

baigniez aujourd'hui, mais n'y allez pas seul. 
6. Esperez-vous qu'ils reussissent ? 7. Ne pen- 
sez-vous pas qu'ils soient riches? 8. Je crois 
qu'ils sont riches, mais ils ne sont pas charitables. 

9. Soyons bons, afin que nous soyons heureux. 

10. Depechez-vous de finir votre travail, avant 
qu'ils arrivent. 11. Voulez-vous qne je vous 
accompagne au train ? 12.11 ne croyait pas que 
vous vous en allassiez. 13. Evitez qu'il ne le 
sache. 14. Empechez qu'ils ne viennent. 15. 
Faites attention, de peur qu'elle ne tombe. 16. 
Regardez ce grand paquebot pres de la jetee, 
je crois que c'est la France, 17. Voyez cette 
lumiere.au dessus*de la falaise, c'est le phare 
que j'ai visite l'annee derniere. 18. Ne restez 
pas sur le sable, la maree monte. 19. Prenez 
garde ! la vague va vous emporter. 

1. We must go shopping this afternoon. 2. 
It is not certain that we shall be able to go to 
the theatre to-night. 3. Your mother is sur- 
prised that you did not study. 4. She wants 
you to work more. 5. Your father consents 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 117 

to your playing, after you have finished your 
task. 6. I do not believe he would lie. 7. He 
does not think I have done it myself. 8. Do 
not tell him before he comes. 9. Your mother 
consents to your going to the ball, providing you 
study. 10. It is time for you to play the violin. 
11. I did not think they would come. 12. 
Avoid his following you. 13. Prevent them 
from succeeding. 14. Take care that he does 
not break those plates. 15. I will not tell her, 
for fear^he may be offended. 16. Let us go to 
the port and visit a boat. 17. Ask for a first 
cabin and a low berth on the deck. 18. Don't 
you like to look at the sailors working on the 
deck: 19. Let us go on the cliff, from there 
the scenery is magnificent. 20. See the big 
waves all covered with foam. 



□ 

an 



118 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Vingt-quatrieme Legon 



Verbs (continued) 

The infinitive is used after any verb except 
avoir and etre, 

Desirez-vous rester ici ? 

Do you wish to stay here ? 

Je voudrais alier en Europe cet ete. 

I wish to go to Europe this summer. 

II devrait etre parti. 

He should be gone. 

The infinitive is used after all prepositions 
except en, 

Nous travaillons pour vivre. 

We work in order to live. 

II est parti sans manger. 

He left without eating. 

Je i'ai rencontre en me promenant. 

I met him while walking. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 119 

When the preposition en means of it, the in- 
finitive is used, 

II n'a pas oublie de m'en donner. 

He did not forget to give me some of it. 

A present participle may be used as an adjec- 
tive or a verb : 

As an adjective, the present participle follows 
the noun which it qualifies, and agrees with it, 

Un homme charmant, Une femme charmante. 
A charming man, A charming woman, 

Des enfants obeissants. 

Obedient children. 

As a verb it expresses an action, and remains 
invariable, 

Les soldats chantant des refrains guerriers 
s'eloignerent rapidement. 

The soldiers singing war songs 
went away rapidly. 



120 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

The past participle used as an adjective agrees 
with the noun or pronoun to which it relates, 

Donnez-moi les lettres ecrites a Fencre. 

Give me the letters written with ink. 

The past participle conjugated with avoir 
agrees with the preceding direct object, and 
remains unchanged if the object follows, 

Qui a vu les livres que j'ai perdus? 

Who has seen the books that I have lost ? 

II a perdu ses livres. 

He has lost his books. 

The past participle conjugated with etre 
agrees in gender and number with the subject, 
except with a reflexive verb when etre takes the 
place of avoir, then it follows the rule of avoir, 

Ma soeur est-elle arrivee ? 

Has my sister arrived? 

Us se sont aimes. 

They have loved each other. 

Us se sont envoye des cadeaux. 

They have sent presents to each other. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



121 



si tot si tard jeter agir vivre faner 

so soon so late to throw to act to live to fade 

bruyant ce n'est pas la peine reveiller 

noisy it is not worth while to awake 

repentir instruire estimer embrasser 

to repent to educate to esteem to embrace, kiss 

voyager Pun Pautre or Tune Pautre autour 

to travel each other around 



le wagon the wagon la locomotive 

le colis the package la valise 

le guichetthe ticket-office la douane 

le billet the ticket Parrivee 

le depart the departure Pentree 

le voyage the journey la sortie 

l'indicateur the time-table la gare 

le train the train la consigne 



the locomotive 

the valise 

the custom-house 

the arrival 

the entrance 

the exit 

the station 

the baggage-room 



1. Ne laissez pas sortir le chien. 2. Voulez- 
vous m'accompagner au village? 3. Je prefe- 
rerais ne pas l'avoir vu. 4. Ce n'est pas la pei- 
ne de vous deranger. 5. II est parti le pre- 
mier et il est arrive le dernier. 6. Je dois me 



122 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

hater pour les voir. 7. II faut que j'ecrive trois 
lettres avant de partir. 8. En allant a l'eglise, 
j'ai rencontre votre petite fille. 9. Ces bruyants 
enfants ont reveille le bebe. 10. En sortant de 
chez mon amie, je suis allee voir votre grand'- 
mere. 11. Ayant mal agi, il se repent. 12. 
Voila des personnes estimees de tout le monde. 
13. Mes lettres sont-elles arrivees ? 14. Avez- 
vous trouve les livres que j'ai mis sur la table? 
15. J'ai perdu mes pantoufles, les avez-vous 
vues? 16. Elles se sont embrass^es. 17. II s'est 
casse la jambe. 18. Si vous ne vous hatez pas, 
vous n'arriverez jamais a temps pour Tarrivee 
du train. 19. Laisserons-nous les colis a la con- 
signe ? 20. Demandez un indicateur au gui- 
chet. 

1. I should like to travel around the world. 
2. He should be out now. 3. I like to read. 
4. She went out without eating. 5. We must 
eat to live. 6. I gave her some money to buy 
a hat. 7. While traveling, we educated our- 
selves. 8. He has lent me some interesting 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 123 

books. 9. One becomes rich in working. 10. 
Throw away those faded flowers. 11. There 
are mistakes in the letter you have wrkten. 12. 
Have you seen the lady of whom I spoke to you. 
13. Have your horses arrived? 14. They have 
seen each other. 15. He has cut his finger. 16. 
She has cut herself. 17. Is the train late? 18. 
Have you your ticket? 19. Should we stop at 
the custom-house? 20. Where is the exit? 



Vingt-cinquieme heqon 



Interrogative and negative verbs 

In an interrogative sentence when the subject 
is a pronoun, the verb is first translated, then the 
pronoun, 

Parlez-vous ? Do you speak ? 

If the subject is a noun, the noun is translated 
first, and the corresponding pronoun is repeated 



124 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

after the verb, except when a sentence begins 
with an interrogative adverb or a pronoun, 

Mon frere est-il ici ? Is my brother here ? 

Les enf ants sont-ils sages ? 

Are the children good ? 

Ou sont mes amis? Where are my friends? 

Qui est cette dame ? 

Who is this lady ? 

When the verb in the third person singular 
ends with a vowel, t is inserted between the verb 
and the pronoun, 

Aime-t-il sa soeur ? 

Does he love his sister ? 

Another form of interrogative is est-ce que 
before any statement, 

Est-ce que vous allez eti ville ? 

Are you going to town ? 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 125 

The negative requires two words in French, 
ne and pas;ne before the verb and pas after the 
verb in a simple tense, 

II ne voyage pas. 

He does not travel. 

In a compound tense ne precedes the auxiliary 
and pas comes between the auxiliary and the 
verb, 

Nous n'avons pas voyage cette annee. 

We did not travel this year. 

With rien, nothing, jamais, never, personne, 
nobody, aucun, none, nul, no one, the second 
negative pas is omitted, 

II n'a rien vu. He has seen nothing. 

Je n'ai jamais ete a Londres. 

I have never been to London. 

II n'y a personne. There is nobody. 

Nul homme nest heureux. 

No man is happy. 



126 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



The interrogative negative is translated as the 

following, 

Ne jouent-ils pas ? 

Do they not play ? 

Ne l'ai-je pas vu? 

Have I not seen him ? 



rouiller visiter en passant tout a fait 

to rust to visit passing by quite 

conduire de Tautre cote cuire remarquer 

to lead on the other side to cook to notice 



rester 


trouver 


sans doute 


verser 


to remain 


to find 


without doub 


t to pour 


le champ 


the field 


la recolte 


the harvest 


le cultivateur 


the grower 


la ferme 


the farm 


le fermier 


the farmer 


la charrue 


the plow 


le ble 


the wheat 


la betterave the beet 


i epi 


the ear of corn la brouette 


the wheelbarrow 


le seigle 


the rye 


la beche 


the spade 


le riz 


the rice 


la fourche 


the pitchfork 


le lin 


the flax 


la pioche 


the pickax 


le chanvre 


the hemp 


la roue 


the wheel 


le pre 


the meadow 


Tavoine 


the oats 


le foin 


the hay 


Porge 


the barley 


le sarrasin 


the buckwheat la farine 


the flour 


le betail 


the cattle 


1 odeur 


the scent, smell 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 127 

1. Voulez-vous venir visiter une ferme ? 2. Le 
fermier est-il chez lui ? 3. Oui, il est dans le 
champ de ble qui est de l'autre cote de la route. 
4. Bonjour, monsieur, nous aimerions a visiter 
votre ferme; en passant, nous avons remarque 
que vos seigles, vos avoines et vos lins sont tres 
beaux. 5. Nous comptons sur une bonne re- 
colte, s'il n'y a pas de secheresse. 6. A qui sont 
les bestiaux que nous avons vus dans le champ 
de sarrasin ? 7. Ou est la charrue ? 8. Elle 
est avec la brouette pres de la roue du tombe- 
reau. 9. Regardez ce jeune agneau dans le pre; 
mange-t-il du foin ? 



10. Est-ce que vous avez trouve la beche, la 
fourche et la pioche qui etaient dans le jardin ? 
11. Nous ne les avons pas trouvees, elles sont 
sans doute restees dans le champ de betteraves, 
ou je les ai vues hier. 12. N'aimez-vous pas 
Todeur du foin ? 13. N'avez-vous pas rencontre 
Thomme qui conduisait un tombereau? 14. fe 



128 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

n'ai rencontre personne. 15. N'avez-vous pas 
fait cuire le riz? 16. Je n'ai rien fait. 17. 
N'etes-vous pas alle a la ferme? 

1. Did you see how the ears of corn were 
beaten down? 2. Has the grower told you where 
his cattle were ? 3. Who is the man that I see 
in the hemp field ? 4. Where are the oats and 
the barley ? 5. Does he like to be a farmer ? 
6. Is the harvest good this year ? 7. Those 
beets did not grow; we had too much dryness. 
8. The dampness has rusted the wheel of the 
dung cart. 9. Do you not see the wheat and 
the flax on the other side of the road ? 1 0. What 
have you in your hand ? 11. I have nothing. 12. 
I have never seen a white mouse. 13. No man 
is quite happy. 14. Have you seen my black 
cat ? 



□ 

□n 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 129 



Vingt-sixieme Legon 



Use of En and Y 

En (of it, of them, some, any) is used with a 
number, or an adverb of quantity. It stands 
before the verb, except in the imperative affir- 
mative, when it stands after the verb, 

Combien de pommes avez-vous ? J'en ai six. 

How many apples have you ? I have six. 

Avez-vous assez de viande? J'en ai trop. 

Have you enough meat ? 1 have too much. 

Si vous n'avez pas assez de beurre, 
allez en chercher. 

If you have not enough butter, 
go and fetch some. 



130 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Y (at it and to it), (at them and to them), 
is rarely used for a person, except with the 
verb to think, 

Consentez-vous a le faire ? J'y consens. 

Do you consent to do it ? I agree to it. 

Ne pensez pas a eux. Je ne peux pas 
m'empecher cPy penser. 

Do not think of them. I cannot help 
thinking of them. 

There is expressed by y referring to a place 
already mentioned, and by la in pointing out an 
object, place, etc. Y precedes en, 

Avez-vous ete a Paris ? J'y suis alle trois f ois. 

Have you been to Paris? I have been there three times. 

C'est la que je demeure. 

It is there where I live. 

Ce n'est pas la que je les ai trouves. 

It is not there where I found them. 

Je vous y en enverrai. 

I shall send you some there. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



131 



cuire compter preter charitable 

to cook to rely, expect to lend charitable 



encore 

more 

consentir 

to consent 



allez-vous-en 

go away 



chercher 

to fetch 



dedans devenir aller 

in it to become to go 



le marteau the hammer 



le rabot 

le fer a cheval 

le forgeron 
le fusil 
le pistolet 



the plane 
the horse shoe 
the blacksmith 
the gun 
the pistol 



le chasseur the hunter 



la 



scie 



the 



Tepee the sword 

la livre the pound 

ia douzaine the dozen 

Poffice the pantry 

les tenailles the pincers 

la confiture the jam 



1. Combien de robes avez-vous ? 2. J'en ai 
six, deux de taffetas, deux de satin et deux de 
serge. 3. Combien de livres de viande avez- 
vous achetees? 4. J'en ai achete sept livres. 
5. Avez-vous assez de viande ? 6. J'en ai trop. 
7. En a-t-il assez? 8. Non, donnez-lui-en en- 
core un peu. 9. Allez-vous-en. 10. Donnez- 
m'en. 11. Si vous voulez du sucre, allez en 



132 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

chercher a l'office. 12. N'oubliez pas de m'ap- 
porter un marteau. 13. J'y penserai. 14. Etes- 
vous entre dans ce musee? 15. Non, je n'y 
suis jamais entre. 16. Gonsent-il a le laisser 
partir ? 17. Qui, il y consent. 18. Quiest-ce 
qui demeuredans cette maison? 19. Mon on- 
cle et ma tante y demeurent. 20. Ou sont-ils? 
21. lis sont la. 22. Avez-vous vu mon epee, 
mon pistolet et mon fusil ? 23. lis sont ici. 
24. Y travaillez-vous ? 25. J'y travaillerai cet 
apres-midi. 



1. Do you have a gun? 2. I have two. 3. 
Do you have enough vegetables? 4. I have 
too many. 5. Do you not want any more jam ? 
6. Take more. 7. How many dozen did you 
buy ? 8. I bought two dozen. 9. To w T ork, 
the carpenter uses hammer, plane, saw and pin- 
cers. 10. Did you give the horseshoe to the 
blacksmith ? 1 1. Do not think of it. 12. Think 
of it. 13. Let us not think of them. 14. Do 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 133 

not give me any. 15. Do not take any. 16. 
They agree to it. 17. Let us not agree to it. 
18. We do not agree to it. 19. Where is the 
hunter? 20. He is there. 21. Who lives there? 
22. Where is my sword? 23. It is there. 24. 
Have you ever been in this church? 25. No, 
I have never been in it. 26. I work at it. 



Vingt-septieme Le^on 



Indefinite Pronouns 

The indefinite pronoun on stands for one, 
we, you, they, it, people, somebody. It is used 
in a general sense, and does not refer to any de- 
finite person. It is used only as the subject of a 
verb in the third person singular. 

On croirait qu'il le fait expres. 

One would think that he does it on purpose* 



134 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Ou trouve-t-on des f raises et des cerises ? 

Where do you find strawberries and cherries ? 

On en trouve a Tepicerie. 

We find some at the grocery store. 

On dit qu'ils viendront demain. 

They say, (or it is said), they will come to-morrow. 

On sonne, Somebody rings. 

L'on may be used instead of on for euphony. 
It is generally used after et, on, que, si, etc. It 
is not used when the following word begins 
with 1. 

Si 1 'on m'avait dit cela. 
If I had been told that. 

Invariable Indefinite Pronouns 

personne, noboby, anybody, anyone 

autrui others 

quiconque whoever, all those who 

rien nothing, anything 

quelque chose something, anything 

autre chose something else 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



135 



Variable Indefinite Pronouns 



Masculine 

1'un, les uns 
chacun 
quelqu'un 
quelques uns 



Feminine 



the one, the ones 
every one, each 
some 
few 



l'une, les unes 
chacune 
quelqu'une 
quelques unes 



l'autre, les autres the other, the others 1'autre, les autres 
tous les deux both toutes les deux 



inaugurer oublier vendre frapper 

to inaugurate to forget to sell to knock 

fusilier se fiancer tuer 

to shoot to become engaged to kill 

entrer sortir venir arriver 

to enter to go out to come to arrive 



Cage the age 1'extremite the extremity 

le monument the monument la statue the statue 

Pargent the money Taction the action 

le tour the trick la tour the tower 

le maire the mayor la mairie the city hall 



136 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. On est heureux a cet age. 2. Ou trouve- 
t-on ces jolies fleurs ? 3. On en trouve dans le 
bois qui est a l'extremite du village. 4. On 
vend des legumes et du cafe a l'epicerie. 5. On 
parle fran9ais dans ce magasin. 6. On dit que 
le president viendra inaugurer ce monument. 
7. On s'imagine que nous sommes riches. 8. 
On a sonne, allez voir qui est la. 9. Vous ne 
devriez pas y aller. 10. Et Ton m'a vu. 11. 
On lui a dit cela. 12. Personne n'est venu 
pendant mon absence ? 13. Ne disons pas du 
mal d'autrui. 14. Quiconque l'a dit, ce n'est 
pas vrai. 

1. One believes him. 2. One never has 
enough money. 3. We never see her. 4. 
Where are needles sold? 5. They sell some in 
the store opposite the church. 6. It is said the 
lawyer's daughter is engaged to the doctor's son. 
7. I have been told that the Czar, the Czarina 
and their children have been shot. 8. The 
newspaper said they were killed two years ago. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 137 

9. People believe that he is dead. 10. Some- 
bod}^ is knocking, 11. And they said that the 
mayor will travel around the world, 12. No- 
body has come. 13. Do not speak ill of others. 
14. Whoever told you that, it is wrong. 15. 
Have you something to give him? 16. Where 
are your friends? 17. One is in London, and 
the other in New York. 18. Each in his turn. 
19. Have you some needles ? 20. I have a few. 
21. Tell them both to come here. 



Vingt-huitieme Legon 



Verbs conjugated with Etre, 
and Passive Form of the Verbs* 

As we have seen in the 24th lesson, the past 
participle conjugated with etre agrees in gender 
and number with the subject. 



138 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



The following are 
with etre, 



most of the verbs used 



aller 


to go 


partir 


to go away, leave 


sortir 


to go out 


retourner 


to go back, return 


venir 


to come 


devenir 


to become 


revenir 


to come back 


arriver 


to arrive 


rester 


to remain, stay 


tomber 


to fall down 


mourir 


to die 


naitre 


to be born 


rentrer 


to re-enter, come in 


entrer 


to enter 


parvenir 


to reach, succeed 


descendre 


to go down 



The passive form expresses an action under- 
gone by the subject. All the active verbs with 
a direct object can be used in the passive form, 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 139 

but they take the auxiliary etre instead of avoir, 
and the past participle agrees with the sub- 
ject, 

Elle a aime sa mere et sa soeur. 
She has loved her mother and sister. 

Elle est aimee de ses parents. 

She is loved by her parents. 



By with the passive form is translated by de, 
expressing a feeling, and by par, expressing an 
action, 

N'avez-vous pas honte d'avoir ete puni 
par votre maitre d'ecole ? 

Are you not not ashamed to have been punished 
by your teacher ? 

Les bons eleves sont aimes de leurs maitres. 

Good pupils are loved by their teachers. 



140 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

defaire serrer eclairer tant 

to undo, unpack to tie to light so much 

reussir etre capable recevoir 

to succeed to be able to receive 

trop tot justement de bonne heure 

too soon justly early 



le tour the stroll la promenade the walk 

Pacteur the actor Tactrice the actress 

le faucheur the mower la ficelle the string 

I'examen the examination Fetude the study 

le paquet the package la malle the trunk 

le bucheron the wood-cutter la buche the log 

lemaitred ecole the teacher la maitressed'ecole the teacher 

l'instituteur the teacher V ins titu trice the teacher 



1. Tous les eleves sont-ils arrives? 2. Quand 
est-elle partie? 3. Qu'est-ce que votre amie 
Louise estdevenue? 4. Ma niece est nee le vingt- 
deux decembre 1910. 5. Vos amies sont-elles 
rentrees de la promenade? 6. Pourquoi n'est-il 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 141 

pas parti ? 7. Nous sommes restes au pare tout 
1'apres-midi. 8- lis ne sont pas parvenus a faire 
leurs exercises. 9. Elles sont venues nous voir 
hier. 10. Tous ses amis sont morts. 11. Etes 
vous alles en ville aujourd'hui.? 12. Les bons 
enfants sont aimes de leurs parents, et les me- 
diants enfants sont punis par leurs parents. 13. 
Les acteurs ont ete applaudis. 14. La terre est 
eclairee par le soleil. 15. J'aurais aime a la voir, 
elle a et6 vue hier soir. 16. Les faucheurs ont 
coupe Therbe. 17. L'herbe a ete coupee par les 
faucheurs. 18. Elle a ete refue a ses examens. 
19. Faisons un tour de jardin. 20. Le noeud 
de cette ficelle est trop serre, je ne peux le de- 
faire. 21. Demandez a la femme de chambre 
si la malle est defaite. 



1. Have all my packages arrived? 2. Did 
the maid come back ? 3, Where did you stay ? 
4. What year was he born ? 5. She has become 
tall and pretty. 6. They have gone down to 
the living-room. 7. She has come with me. 



142 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

8, He has gone to town. 9. His pencils are lost. 
10. Who has lost this penholder ? 11. Has she 
written a letter ? 12. Are your letters written? 
13. The wood -cutter cuts the trees. 14. 
The tree is cut by the wood-cutter. 15. Those 
children are loved by everybody. 16. They 
passed their examination. 17. You must study 
a good deal to be able to pass. 



Vingt-neuvieme Legon 



Idiomatic Uses of the Verbs 

The following idioms are used with avoir 
' instead of etre, as in English, 

avoir chaud to be warm 

avoir froid to be cold 

avoir faim to be hungry 

avoir soif to be thirsty 

avoir peur to be afraid 

avoir rintention de to intend to 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 143 

avoir envie to feel like 

avoir raison to be right 

avoir tort to be wrong 

avoir honte to be ashamed 

avoir sommeil to be sleepy 

avoir besoin to be in need 



Aller, in the present and the imperfect of the 
indicative, and followed by an infinitive, indica- 
tes that the action is going to take place imme- 
diately, 

Je vais le faire tout de suite. 

I am going to do it now. 

Nous alliens partir. 

We were on the point of leaving. 



It means also to suit, to become, or to fit, 

Cette robe ne vous va pas. 

This dress is not becoming to you. 



144 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 






Faire, followed by the infinitive, means to 
have, or to order, 

J*a fait faire une robe. 

I had a dress made, 

Je vais faire venir le tailleur. 

1 shall send for the tailor. 



se coucher remporter 

to go to bed, to lie down to take away 

neiger venir de couter batir 

to snow just to cost to build 

oser longtemps deranger 

to dare long time to disturb 



le centime one fifth of a cent la mesiire the measure 

le sou one cent la longueur the length 

le metre the yard la ? argeur the width 

1 absent the absent la hauteur the height 

le costume the costume la bete the beast 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 145 

1. Nous ne sortirons pas aujourcThui, il fait 
trop chaud. 2. Avez-vous eu froid en automo- 
bile ? 3. J ? ai rencontre un pauvre petit gar^on, 
qui pleurait parce qu'il avait faim. 4. Je crois 
que vous avez tort. 5. Je pense qu'ils ont rai- 
son. 6. Les enfants ont sommeil, qu'ils aillent 
se coucher. 7. Remportez mon manteau, je 
n'en ai pas besoin, j'ai trop chaud. 8. Vous 
n'avez pas honte d'avoir fait peur a cette petite 
bete. 9, Nous avons Tintention (Taller voir 
nos grand'parents s'il fait beau. 10. II fait tres 
froid, je pense qu'il neigera. 

11. Pourquoi le chat est-il dans le salon ? 12. 
J'allais le faire sortir quand vous etes entre. 13, 
Ne mettez pas ce chapeau, il ne vous va pas. 
14. Ces bottines ne me vont pas, elles sont trop 
grandes. 15. II y a longtemps que je n'ai fait 
faire une robe. 16. Faites venir la couturiere, 
je veux lui faire faire une robe et une blouse. 
17. Les absents ont toujours tort. 18. La cou- 
turiere demande de quelle longueur et de quelle 
largeur vous desirez votre jupe. 



146 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Is it warm to-day? 2. I have been cold all 
morning. 3. The children are sleepy, put them 
to bed. 4. Do you want another piece of meat? 
5. No, thank you, I am not hungry, but I am 
thirsty. 6. May I have a glass of water ? 7. 
This poor dog is afraid, let him in. 8. Do you 
need money? 9. I do not feel like going to 
see them to-day. 10. You are wrong to always 
disturb your grandmother. 11. He is ashamed, 
he does not dare to come. 12. We intend to 
leave to-morrow. 13. Are you going to sing 
now? 14. I was going to, but I have been 
called away. 15. This will not do, 16. This 
suit is not becoming to her. 17. That coat 
does not fit, it is too large. 18. She is going to 
have a suit made. 19. We had a house built 
last year. 20. I shall send for my daughter. 



□ 

DD 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 147 



Trentieme Legem 



Adverbs 



Adverbs generally stand after the verb in a 
simple tense, and between the auxiliary and 
the past participle in a compound tense, 

Elle dit toujours du mal des autres. 

She always speaks ill of others. 

On vous a toujours dit qu'il 
etait mechant. 

They have always told you that 
he was wicked. 



Adverbs of place, and aujourd'hui, hier, de- 
main, ici, la, tot, tard, are placed after the past 

participle in a compound tense, 

Je Fai vu hier, 
I saw him yesterday. 



148 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Adverbs of quality are formed by adding 
ment to the adjective, 

gentil nice gentiment nicely 

poli polite poliment politely 

savant learned savamment learnedly 



rire gronder servir vers 

to laugh to scold to use, serve about 

souhaiter au revoir quelquefois 

to wish good-bye sometimes 

ensemble vite rarement 

together quickly rarely, seldom 



l'empereur the emperor l'imperatrice the empress 

le roi the king la reine the queen 

le prince the prince la princesse the princess 

le due the duke !a duchesse the duchess 

le marquis the marquis la marquise the marchioness 

le comte the count, earl la comtesse the countess 

le baron the baron la baronne the baroness 

le chateau the castle la propriete the estate 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 149 

1. Mon exercise est-il bien fait ? 2. Je le 
trouve assez bien. 3. Aimez toujours vos pa- 
rents, meme s'ils vous punissent quelquefois. 
4. Cet enfant a repondu poliment. 5. II parle 
bien, mais il agit mal. 6. Allez le chercher 
immediatement. 7. Elle fait toujours ce que 
vous voulez. 8. Nous partirons bientot. 9. 
Ou demeurez-vous ? 10. Je demeure ici. 11. 
Venez ici que je vous parle. 

12. II est parti trop tot. 13. lis viendront 
ensemble. 14. Elles ont apporte beaucoup de 
jolies choses. 15. Venez tot dimanche prochain 
16. lis n'ont pas assez de fleurs. 17. Nous 
sommes alles tres loin. 18. Dites-lui d'aller 
vite. 19. Ou irons-nous demain? 20. Cet 
homme juge prudemment, mais justement. 21. 
lis travaillent constamment. 22. Qui sont les 
personnes que nous venons de rencontrer? 23. 
Ce sont le due et la duchesse qui viennent d'ache- 
ter le chateau voisin. 24. Avez-vous jamais vu 
un roi et une reine. 25. La marquise de G. et la 
comtesse de B. etaient au bal hier soir. 



150 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Speak little, but speak well. 2. Whatever 
you do, do it well. 3. I went to see them 
yesterday. 4. Come early to-morrow morning. 
5. If he is too naughty, punish him. 6. They 
laughed so much that I scolded them. 7. These 
soldiers have served their country faithfully. 8. 
On this occasion you have acted prudently. 

9. Let us always answer our teachers politely. 

10. You work too slowly. 11. They generally 
come about ten o'clock. 

12. The baby cried much last night. 13. 
Some of my pupils speak French well, others 
speak badly. 14. What have you seen? 15. 
Nothing. 16. She scarcely sees her. 17. Did 
you sleep well last night ? 18. I slept badly, I 
had a headache. 19. Who is here ? 20. Nobody 
is here. 21. Good-bye children. 



□ 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



151 



Third Part 



Days 



Lundi 


Monday 


Mardi 


Tuesday 


Mercredi 


Wednesday 


Jeudi 


Thursday 


Vendredi 


Friday 


Samedi 


Saturday 


Dimanche 


Sunday 



Months 



Janvier 


January 


Juillet 


July 


Fevrier 


February 


Aout 


August 


Mars 


March 


Septembre 


September 


Avril 


April 


Octobre 


October 


Mai 


May 


Novembre 


November 


Juin 


June 


Decembre 


December 



152 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 





Seasons 






La saison 


The 


season 




Le printemps 


The 


spring 




L'ete (m) 


The 


summer 




L'automne (m) 


The 


autumn 




L'hiver (m) 


The 


winter 




Numbers 




Cardinal Numbers 


Ordinal Numbers 


1 


Un 


1st 


Premier 


2 


Deux 


2nd 


Deuxieme 


3 


Trois 


3rd 


Troisieme 


4 


Quatre 


4th 


Quatrieme 


5 


Cinq 


5th 


Cinquieme 


6 


Six 


6th 


Sixieme 


7 


Sept 


7th 


Septieme 


8 


Huit 


8th 


Huitieme 


9 


Neuf 


9th 


Neuvieme 


10 


Dix 


10th 


Dixieme 


11 


Onze 


11th 


Onzieme 


12 


Douze 


12th 


Douzieme 


13 


Treize 


13th 


Treizieme 


14 


Quatorze 


14th 


Quatorzieme 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



153 





Numbers 




Cardinal Numbers 


< 


Drdinal Numbers 


15 


Quinze 


15th 


Quinzieme 


16 


Seize 


16th 


Seizieme 


17 


Dix-sept 


17th 


Dix-septieme 


18 


Dix-huit 


18th 


Dix-huitieme 


19 


Dix-neuf 


19th 


Dix-neuvieme 


20 


Vingt 


20th 


Vingtieme 


21 


Vingt et un 


21st 


Vingt et unieme 


22 


Vingt-deux 


22nd 


Vingt-deuxieme 


23 


Vingt-trois 


23rd 


Vingt-trois ieme 


30 


Trente 


30th 


Trentieme 


40 


Quarante 


40th 


Quarantieme 


50 


Cinquante 


50th 


Cinquantieme 


60 


Soixante 


60th 


Soixantieme 


70 


Soixante-dix 


70th 


Soixante-dixieme 


71 


Soixante et onze 


71st 


Soixante et onzieme 


72 


Soixante-douze 


72nd 


Soixante-douzieme 


80 


Quatre-vingts 


80th 


Quatre-vingtieme 


81 


Quatre-vingt-un 


81st 


Quatre -vingt-unieme 



154 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 







Numbers 




Cardinal Numbers 




Ordinal Numbers 


90 


Quatre-vingt-dix 


90th 


Quatre-vingt-dixieme 


91 


Quatre-vingt 


-onze 


91st 


Quatre-vingt-onzieme 


100 


Cent 




100th 


Centieme 


101 


Cent-un 




101st 


Cent et unieme 


102 


Cent-deux 




102nd 


Cent-deuxieme 


200 


Deux cents 




200th 


Deux centieme 


1000 


Mille 




1000th 


Millieme 


1100 


Mille cent 




1100th 


Mille centieme 


2000 


Deux mille 




2000th 


Deux millieme 


1,000,000 Un million 


1,000,000 


Millionieme 



Useful Expressions 



Bonjour, Monsieur. 

Bonsoir, Madame. 

Bonne nuit, Mademoiselle. 

Comment vous portez- 
vous ? 

Tres bien, merci, et vous 
meme ? 



Good morning, Sir. 
Good evening, Mrs. S. 
Good night, Miss X. 

How are you? 

Very well, thank you, and 
yourself? 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



155 



Useful Expressions 



Je me porte bien, mais 
j'ai ete malade. 

Qu'aviez-vous ? 
Qu'a-t'il? 

Je n'ai rien. 

Que dites-vous ? 

Comment appelez-vous 
ceci en franfais ? 

Parlez-vous franfais ? 

Que desirez-vous ? 



I am very well, but I have 
been ill. 

What was the matter with 
you ? 

What is the matter with 
him? 

Nothing is the matter with 
me. 

What do you say ? 

What is this called in 
French ? 

Do you speak French r 

What do you wish ? 



Presentez-moi, je VOUS prie, Kindly introduce me to 

a Madame S. Mrs. S. 

Je suis charmee de faire I am very pleased to meet 

votre connaissance. y° u - 



Au revoir a demain. 



Good-bye until to-morrow. 



□ 



156 



REPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



L'Europe 


Europe 


La Russie 


Russia 


L'Asie 


Asia 


L'Espagne 


Spain 


L/Afrique 


Africa 


La Suisse 


Switzerland 


L'Amerique 


America 


L'ltalie 


Italy 


L* Australia 


Australia 


L'Egypte 


Egypt 


L'Angleterre England 


Le Canada 


Canada 


L'Irlande 


Ireland 


La Hollande 


Holland 


L'Ecosse 


Scotland 


L'Allemagne 


Germany 


La France 


France 


Les Etats-Unis 


United Stat< 


* 


D 


□ □ 






Le 


Portrait. 





Martin avait, dit-on une femme bavarde ; 
D'un si triste fleau, chers amis, Dieu vous garde, 
C'est un fardeau trop lourd et trop rude a porter. 
Ce mal est bien commun ; j'en entends raconter 
Mille traits tous les jours qui passent la croyance. 
De cette femme un peintre avait fait le portrait ; 
II en avait saisi les yeux, la contenance, 
Et les avait si bien imites trait pour trait, 
Que n'ayant jamais vu ressemblances pareilles, 
Martin, des qu'il le vit, se boucha les oreilles. 

COMTE DE SEGUR. 



GOD 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



157 



AVOIR, TO HAVE 







INFINITIF 






Present 


Passe 




Avoir, to have 


Avoir eu, to have had 


Participe 


Present 


Participe Passe 


Ayant, 


having 


Eu, had 






INDICATIF 




Present 


Passe Indefini 


J'ai 




I have 


J'ai eu I have had 


Tu as 




Thou hast 


Tu as eu Thou hast had 


11 a 




He has 


11 a eu He has had 


Nous avons We have 


Nous avons eu We have had 


Vous avez 


You have 


Vous avez eu You have had 


Us ont 




They have 


lis ont eu They have had 






Imparfait 






J'avais 


I had 






Tu avais 


Thou hadst 






11 avait 


He had 






Nousavions 


We had 






Vous aviez 


You had 






lis avaient 


They had 



158 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Plus -que-parf ait 



J'avais eu 
Tu avais eu 
II avait eu 
Nous avions eu 
Vous aviez eu 
lis avaient eu 



I had had 
Thou hadst had 
He had had 
We had had 
You had had 
They had had 



Passe Defini 

J'eus I had 

Tu eus Thou hadst 

II eut He had 

Nous eumes We had 

Vous eutes You had 

lis eurent They had 



Passe Anterieur 

J'eus eu I had had 

Tu eus eu Thou hadst had 

II eut eu He had had 

Nous eumes eu We had had 

Vous eutes eu You had had 

lis eurent eu They had had 



Futur Simple 



J'aurai 
Tu auras 
II aura 
Nous aurons 
Vous aurez 
lis auront 



I shall or will have 
Thou shalt or wilt have 
He shall or will have 
We shall or will have 
You shall or will have 
They shall or will have 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



159 



Futur Anterieur 



J'aurai eu 
Tu auras eu 
II aura eu 
Nous aurons eu 
Vous aurez eu 
lis auront eu 



I shall have had 
Thou wilt have had 
He will have had 
We shall have had 
You will have had 
They will have had 



J'aurais 
Tu aurais 
II aurait 
Nous aurions 
Vous auriez 
lis auraient 



CONDITIONNEL 
Present 



I should or w r ould have 
Thou shouldst or wouldst have 
He should or would have 
We should or would have 
You should or would have 
They should or would have 



Passe 



J'aurais eu 
Tu aurais eu 
II aurait eu 
Nous aurions eu 
Vous auriez eu 
lis auraient eu 



I should have had 
Thou wouldst have had 
He would have had 
We should have had 
You would have had 
Thev would have had 



160 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



IMPERATIF 

Aie, Have (thou) Ayons, Let us have 

Ayez, Have (you) 



SUBJUNCTIF 
Present 



Que j'aie 
Que tu aies 
Qu'il ait 
Que nous ayons 
Que vous ayez 
Qu'ils aient 



That I may have 
That thou mayest have 
That he may have 
That we may have 
That you may have 
That they may have 



Passe 



Que j'aie eu 
Que tu aies eu 
Qu'il ait eu 
Que nous ayons eu 
Que vous ayez eu 
Qu'ils aient eu 



That I may have had 
That thou mayest have had 
That he may have had 
That we may have had 
That you may have had 
That they may have had 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



161 



Imparfait 



Que j'eusse 
Que tu eusses 
Qu'il eut 

Que nous eussions 
Que vous eussiez 
Qu'ils eussent 



That I might have 
That thou mightest have 
That he might have 
That we might have 
That you might have 
That they might have 



Plus-que-parfait 



Que j'eusse eu 
Que tu eusses eu 
Qu'il eut eu 
Que nous eussions eu 
Que vous eussiez eu 
Qu'ils eussent eu 



That I might have had 
That thou mightest have had 
That he might have had 
That we might have had 
That you might have had 
That they might have had 



□ 

□n 



162 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



ETRE, TO BE 



Present 

Etre, to be 

Participe Present 
Etant, being 



INFINITIF 

Passe 
Avoir ete, to have been 

Participe Passe 

Ete, been 



INDICATIF 



Present 

Je suis I am 

Tu es Thou art 

II est He is 

Nous sommes We are 
Vous etes You are 

lis SOnt They are 



Passe Indefini 



J'ai ete Iihave been 

Tu as ete Thou hast been 

II a ete He has been 

Nous avons ete We have been 
Vous avez ete You have been 
lis ont ete They have been 



Imparfait 



J'etais 
Tu etais 
II etait 
Nous etions 
Vous etiez 
lis etaient 



I was 
Thou wast 
He was 
We were 
You were 
They were 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



163 



Plus-que-parfait 



J'avais ete 
Tu avais ete 
II avait ete 
Nous avions ete 
Vous aviez ete 
lis avaient ete 



I had been 
Thou hadst been 
He had been 
We had been 
You had been 
They had been 



Passe Defini 

Je fus I was 

Tu fus Thou wast 

II fut He was 

Nous fumes We were 
Vous futes You were 
lis f urent They were 



Passe Anterieur 

J'eus ete I had been 

Tu 6US ete Thou hadst been 

11 eut ete He had been 

Nous eumes ete We had been 

Vous eutes ete You had been 

lis eurent ete They had been 



Futur Simple 



Je serai 
Tu seras 
II sera 
Nous serons 
Vous serez 
Us seront 



I shall or will be 
Thou shalt or will be 
He shall or wall be 
We shall or will be 
You shall or will be 
Thev shall or will be 



164 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Futur Anterieur 

J'aurai ete I shall have been 

Tu auras ete Thou wilt have been 

II aura ete He will have been 

Nous aurons ete We shall have been 

Vous aurez ete You will have been 

Us auront ete They will have been 

CONDITIONAL 
Present 



Je serais 
Tu serais 
II serait 
Nous serions 
Vous seriez 
Us seraient 



I should or would be 
Thou shouldst or wouldst be 
He should or would be 
We should or would be 
You should or would be 
They should or would be 



Passe 



J'aurais ete 
Tu aurais ete 
II aurait ete 
Nous aurions ete 
Vous auriez ete 
Us auraient ete 



I should have been 
Thou wouldst have been 
He would have been 
We should have been . 
You would have been 
They would have been 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



165 



IMPERATIF 

Sois, be (thou) Soyons, let us be 

Soyez, be (you) 



SUBJONCTIF 



Present 



Que je sois 
Que tu sois 
Qu'il soit 
Que nous soyons 
Que vous soyez 
Qu'ils soient 



That I may be 
That thou mayest be 
That he may be 
That we may be 
That you may be 
That they may be 



Passe 



Que j'aie ete 
Que tu aies ete 
Qu'il ait ete 
Que nous ayons ete 
Que vous ayez ete 
Qu'ils aient ete 



That I may have been 
That thou mayest have been 
That he may have been 
That we may have been 
That you may have been 
That they may have been 



166 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Imparfait 



Que je f usse 
Que tu fusses 
Qu'il fut 

Que nous f ussions 
Que vous fussiez 
Qu'ils fussent 



That I might be 
That thou mightest be 
That he might be 
That we might be 
That you might be 
That they might be 



Plus-que-parfait 



Que j'eusse ete 
Que tu eusses ete 
Qu'il eut ete 
Que nous eussions ete 
Que vous eussiez ete 
Qu'ils eussent ete 



That I might have been 
That thou mightest have been 
That he might have been 
That we might have been 
That you might have been 
That they might have been 



□ 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



167 



AIMER, TO LOVE 



INFINITIF 



Present 

Aimer, to love 

Participe Present 
Aimant, Loving 



Passe 

Avoir aime, to have loved 

Participe Passe 

Aime, Loved 



INDICATIF 
Present Passe Indefini 

J'aime I love J'ai aime I have loved 

Tu aimes Thou lovest Tu as aime Thou hast loved 

II aime He loves II a aime He has loved 

Nous aimons We love Nous avons aime We have loved 

Vous aimez You love Vous avez aime You have loved 

lis aiment They love lis ont aime They have loved 



Imparfait 



J'aimais 


I loved 


Tu aimais 


Thou lovedst 


11 aimait 


He loved 


Nous aimions 


We loved 


Vous aimiez 


You loved 


lis aimaient 


They loved 



168 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Plus-que-parfait 



J'avais aime 
Tu avais aime 
II avait aime 
Nous avions aime 
Vous aviez aime 
lis avaient aime 



I had loved 
Thou hadst loved 
He had loved 
We had loved 
You had loved 
They had loved 



Passe Defini 



Passe Anterieur 



J'aimai I loved J'eus aime I had loved 

Tu aimas Thou lovedstTu eus aime Thou hadst loved 

II aima He loved II eut aime He had loved 



Nous aimames We loved 
Vous aimates You loved 
lis aimerent They loved 



Nous eumes aime We had loved 
Vous eutes aime You had loved 
lis eurent aime They had loved 



Futur Simple 



J'aimerai 
Tu aimeras 
U aimera 
Nous aimerons 
Vous aimerez 
lis aimeront 



I shall love 
Thou shalt love 
He will love 
We shall love 
You will love 
They will love 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



169 



Futur Anterieur 



Taurai aime 
Tu auras aime 
11 aura aime 
Nous aurons aime 
Vous aurez aime 
lis auront aime 



I shall have loved 
Thou shalt have loved 
He will have loved 
We shall have loved 
You will have loved 
They will have loved 



CONDITIONNEL 
Present 



J'aimerais 
Tu aimerais 
11 aimerait 
Nous aimerions 
Vous aimeriez 
lis aimeraient 



I should love 
Thou shouldst love 
He would love 
We should love 
You would love 
They would love 



Passe 



J'aurais aime 
Tu aurais aime 
II aurait aime 
Nous aurions aime 
Vous auriez aime 
lis auraient aime 



I should have loved 
Thou shouldst have loved 
He would have loved 
We should have loved 
You would have loved 
They would have loved 



170 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



IMPERATIF 



Aime, Love (thou) Aimons, Let us love 

Aimez, Love ( you ) 



SUBJUNCTIF 
Present 



Que j'aime 
Que tu aimes 
Qu'il aime 
Que nous aimions 
Que vous aimiez 
Qu'ils aiment 



That I may love 
That thou mayest love 
That he may love 
That we may love 
That you may love 
That they may love 



Passe 



Que j'aie aime 
Que tu aies aime 
Qu'il ait aime 
Que nous ayons aime 
Que vous ayez aime 
Qu'ils aient aime 



That I may have loved 
That thou raayest have loved 
That he may have loved 
That we may have loved 
That you may have loved 
That they may have loved 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



171 



Imparfait 



Que j'aimasse 
Que tu aimasses 
Qu'il aimat 
Que nous aimassions 
Que vous aimassiez 
Qu'ils aimassent 



That I might love 
That thou mightest love 
That he might love 
That we might love 
That you might love 
That they might love 



Plus-que-parfait 



Que j'eusse aime 
Que tu eusses aime 
Qu'il eut aime 
Que nous eussions aime 
Que vous eussiez aime 
Qu'ils eussent aime 



That I might have loved 
That thou mightest have loved 
That he might have loved 
That we might have loved 
That you might have loved 
That they might have loved 



□ 



172 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



FINIR, TO FINISH 



INFINITIF 

Present Passe 

Finir, to finish Avoir fini, to have finished 

Participe Present Participe Passe 
Finissant, finishing Fini, finished 

INDICATIF 
Present 

Je finis I finish 

Tu finis Thou finishes! 

II finit He finishes 

Nous finissons We finish 

Vous finissez You finish 

lis finissent They finish 

Passe Indefini 

J'ai fini I have finished 

Tu as fini Thou hadst finished 

II a fini He has finished 

Nous avons fini We have finished 

Vous avez fini You have finished 

Us ont fini They have finished 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



173 



Imparfait 



Je finissais 
Tu finissais 
II f inissait 
Nous finissions 
Vous finissiez 
lis finissaient 



I finished 
Thou finishedst 
He finished 
We finished 
You finished 
Thev finished 



Phis-que-parfait 



J'avais fini 
Tu avais fini 
II avait fini 
Nous avions fini 
Vous aviez fini 
lis avaient fini 



I had finished 
Thou hadst finished 
He had fiinished 
We had finished 
You had finished 
They had finished 



Passe Defini 



Je finis 
Tu finis 
II finit 

Nous finimes 
Vous f inites 
lis finirent 



I finished 
Thou finishedst 
He finished 
We finished 
You finished 
Thev finished 



174 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Passe Anterieur 



J'eus fini 
Tu eus fini 
II eut fini 
Nous eumes fini 
Vous eutes fini 
lis eurent fini 



I had finished 
Thou hadst finished 
He had finished 
We had finished 
You had finished 
They had finished 



Futur Simple 



Je finirai 
Tu f iniras 
11 f inira 
Nous finirons 
Vous finirez 
lis f iniront 



I shall finish 
Thou shalt finish 
He will finish 
We shall finish 
You will finish 
They will finish 



Futur Anterieur 



J'aurai fini 
Tu auras fini 
II aura fini 
Nous aurons fini 
Vous aurez fini 
lis auront fini 



I shall have finished 
Thou shalt have finished 
He will have finished 
We shall have finished 
You will have finished 
They will have finished 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



175 



CONDITIONNEL 



Present 



Je finirais 
Tu finirais 
II f inirait 
Nous finirions 
Vous f iniriez 
lis finiraient 



I should finish 
Thou shouldst finish 
He would finish 
We should finish 
You would finish 
Thev would finish 



Passe 



J'aurais fini 
Tu aurais fini 
II aurait fini 
Nous aurions fini 
Vous auriez fini 
lis auraient fini 



I should have finished 
Thou shouldst have finished 
He would have finished 
We should have finished 
You would have finished 
Thev would have finished 



IMPERATIF 

Finis, finish (thou) Finissons, let us finish 

Finissez, finish (you) 



176 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



SUBJONCTIF 



Present 



Que je f inisse 
Que tu finisses 
Qu'il f inisse 
Que nous f missions 
Que vous f inissiez 
Qu'ils f inissent 



That I may finish 
That thou mayest finish 
That he may finish 
That we may finish 
That you may finish 
That they may finish 



Passe 



Que j'aie fini 
Que tu aies fini 
Qu'il ait fini 
Que nous ayons fini 
Que vous ayez fini 
Qu'ils aient fini 



That I may have finished 
That thou mayest have finished 
That he may have finished 
That we may have finished 
That you may have finished 
That they may have finished 



Imparfait 



Que je f inisse 
Que tu finisses 
Qu'il finit 
Que nous f missions 
Que vous f inissiez 
Qu'ils f inissent 



That I might finish 
That thou mightest finish 
That he might finish 
That we might finish 
That you might finish 
That they might finish 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



177 



Plus-que-parfait 



Que j'eusse fini 
Que tu eusses fini 
Qu'il eut fini 
Que nous eussions fini 
Que vous eussiez fini 
Qu'ils eussent fini 



That I might have finished 
That thou mightest have finished 
That he might have finished 
That we might have finished 
That you might have finished 
That they might have finished 



□ 



RECEVOIR, TO RECEIVE 



Present 

Recevoir, to receive 

Participe Present 
Recevant, receiving 



INFINITIF 

Passe 
Avoir regu, to have received 

Participe Passe 
Regu, received 

INDICATIF 
Present 



Je reqois 
Tu re^ois 
II regoit 
Nous recevons 
Vous recevez 
lis regoivent 



I receive 
Thou receivest 
He receives 
We receive 
You receive 
They receive 



178 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Passe Indefini 



J'ai re^u 

Tu as regu 

II a requ 

Nous avons requ 

Vous avez requ 

lis ont requ 



I have received 
Thou hast received 
He has received 
We have received 
You have received 
They have received 



Imparfait 

Je recevais 
Tu recevais 
II recevait 
Nous recevions 
Vous receviez 
lis recevaient 



I received 
Thou receivedst 
He received 
We received 
You received 
They received 



Plus-que-parfait 



J'avais re<ju 
Tu avais requ 
II avait requ 
Nous avions re<ju 
Vous aviez requ 
lis avaient requ 



I had received 
Thou hadst received 
He had received 
We had received 
You had received 
They had received 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



179 



Passe Defini 



Je reQus 
Tu regus 
II requt 
Nous resumes 
Vous refutes 
lis reQurent 



I received 
Thou receivedst 
He recived 
We received 
You received 
They received 



Passe Anterieur 



J'eus re^u 
Tu eus requ 
II eut regu 
Nous eumes requ 
Vous eutes requ 
lis eurent requ 



I had received 
Thou hadst received 
He had received 
We had received 
You had received 
They had received 



Futur Simple 



Je recevrai 
Tu recevras 
II recevra 
Nous recevrons 
Vous recevrez 
lis recevront 



I shall receive 
Thou shalt receive 
He will receive 
We shall receive 
You will receive 
They will receive 



180 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Futur Anterieur 



J'aurai regu 
Tu auras requ 
II aura requ 
Nous aurons requ 
Vous aurez requ 
lis auront requ 



I shall have received 
Thou shalt have received 
He will have received 
We shall have received 
You will have received 
They will have received 



CONDITIONNEL 



Present 



Je recevrais 
Tu recevrais 
II recevrait 
Nous recevrions 
Vous recevriez 
lis recevraient 



I should receive 
Thou wouldst receive 
He would receive 
We should receive 
You would receive 
They would receive 



Passe 



J'aurais requ 
Tu aurais requ 
II aurait regu 
Nous aurions requ 
Vous auriez requ 
Us auraient requ 



I should have received 
Thou shouldst have received 
He would have received 
We should have received 
You would have received 
They would have received 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



181 



IMPERATIF 



Regois, receive (thou) Recevons, let us receive 

Recevez, receive (you) 



SUBJONCTIF 



Present 



Que je regoive 
Que tu regoives 
Qu'il regoive 
Que nous recevions 
Que vous receviez 
Qu'ils regoivent 



That I may receive 
That thou mayest receive 
That he may receive 
That we may receive 
That you may receive 
That they may receive 



Passe 



Que j'aie regu 
Que tu aies requ 
Qu'il ait requ 
Que nous ayons requ 
Que vous ayez requ 
Qu'ils aient requ 



That I may have received 
That thou mayest have received 
That he may have received 
That we may have received 
That you may have received 
That they may have received 



182 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



!m par fait 



Que je regusse 
Que tu regusses 
Qu'il requt 
Que nous regussions 
Que vous regussiez 
Qu'ils regussent 



That I might receive 
That thou mightest receive 
That he might receive 
That we might receive 
That you might receive 
That they might receive 



Plus-que-parfait 



Que j'eusse requ 
Que tu eusses regu 
Qu'il eut re^u 
Que nous eussions requ 
Que vous eussiez re^u 
Qu'ils eussent regu 



That I might have received 
That thou mightest have received 
That he might have received 
That we might have received 
That you might have received 
That they might have received 



□ 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



183 



VENDRE, TO SELL 



INFINITIF 




Present 


Passe 


dre, to sell Avoir vendu, to have sold 


Participe Present 


Participe Passe 


Vendant, selling 


Vendu, sold 


INDICATIF 




Present 




Je vends 


I sell 


Tu vends 


Thou sellest 


11 vend 


He sells 


Nous vendons 


We sell 


Vous vendez 


You sell 


lis vendent 


They sell 


Passe Defini 


i 


J'ai vendu 


I have sold 


Tu as vendu 


Thou hast sold 


11 a vendu 


He has sold 


Nous avons vendu 


We have sold 


Vous avez vendu 


You have sold 


lis ont vendu 


They have sold 



184 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Imparfait 



Je vendais 


I sold 


Tu vendais 


Thou soldst 


11 vendait 


He sold 


Nous vendions 


We sold 


Vous vendiez 


You sold 


lis vendaient 


They sold 


Plus-que-parfait 




J'avais vendu 


I had sold 


Tu avais vendu 


Thou hadst sold 


11 avait vendu 


He had sold 


Nous avions vendu 


We had sold 


Vous aviez vendu 


You had sold 


lis avaient vendu 


They had sold 


Passe Defini 




Je vendis 


I sold 


Tu vendis 


Thou soldst 


11 vendit 


He sold 


Nous vendimes 


We sold 


Vous vendites 


You sold 


lis vendirent 


They sold 



" PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 185 

Passe Anterieur 

J'eus vendu I had sold 

Tu eus vendu Thou hadst sold 

II eut vendu He had sold 

Nous eumes vendu We had sold 

Vous eutes vendu You had sold 

lis eurent vendu They had sold 

Futur Simple 

Je vendrai I shall sell 

Tu vendras Thou shalt sell 

11 vendra He will sell 

Nous vendrons We shall sell 

Vous vendrez You will sell 

lis vendront They will sell 

Futur Anterieur 

J'aurai vendu I shall have sold 

Tu auras vendu Thou shalt have sold 

11 aura vendu He will have sold 

Nous aurons vendu We shall have sold 

Vous aurez vendu You will have sold 

lis auront vendu They will have sold 



186 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



CONDITIONNEL 



Present 



Je vendrais 
Tu vendrais 
II vendrait 
Nous vendrions 
Vous vendriez 
lis vendraient 



I should sell 
Thou wouldst sell 
He would sell 
We should sell 
You would sell 
They would sell 



Passe 



J'aurais vendu 
Tu aurais vendu 
II aurait vendu 
Nous aurions vendu 
Vous auriez vendu 
lis auraient vendu 



I should have sold 
Thou shouldst have sold 
He should have sold 
We should have sold 
You would have sold 
They would have sold 



IMPERATIF 



Vends, sell (thou) Vendons, let us sell 

Vendez, sell (you) 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



187 



SUBJONCTIF 



Present 



Que je vende 
Que tu vendes 
Qu'il vende 
Que nous vendions 
Que vous vendiez 
Qu'ils vendent 



That I may sell 
That thou mayest sell 
That he may sell 
That we may sell 
That you may sell 
That they may sell 



Passe 



Que j'aie vendu 
Que tu aies vendu 
Qu'il ait vendu 
Que nous ayons vendu 
Que vous ayez vendu 
Qu'ils aient vendu 



That I may have sold 
That thou mayest have sold 
That he may have sold 
That we may have sold 
That you may have sold 
That they may have sold 



Imparfait 



Que je vendisse 
Que tu vendisses 
Qu'il vendit 
Que nous vendissions 
Que vous vendissiez 
Qu'ils vendissent 



That I might sell 
That thou mightest sell 
That he might sell 
That we might sell 
That you might sell 
That they might sell 



188 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Plus-que-parfait 

Que j'eusse vendu That I might have sold 

Que tu eusses vendu That thou mightest have sold 

Qu'il eut vendu That he might have sold 

Que nous eussions vendu That we might have sold 

Que vous eussiez vendu That you might have sold 

Qu'ils eussent vendu That they might have sold 

□ 

Y AVOIR, THERE TO BE 



INDICATIF 

Present 
II y a There is or there are 

Passe Indefini 
II y a eu There has been or there have been 

Im par fait 
II y avait There was or there were 

Plus-que-parfait 
II y avait eu There had been 

Passe Defini 
II y eut There was or there were 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 189 

Passe Anterieur 
II y eut eu There had been 

Futur Simple 
II y aura There will be 

Futur Anterieur 
11 y aura eu There will have been 



CONDITIONNEL 
Present 

II y aurait There would be 

Passe 
II y aurait eu There would have been 



SUBJUNCTIF 

Present 
Qu'il y ait That there may be 

Passe 
Qu'il y ait eu That there may have been 

Imparfait 
Qu'il y eut That there might be 

Plus-que-parfait 
Qu'il y eut eu That there might have been 



190 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Irregular Verbs 



-:- 


Aller 

to go 


Envoyer 

to send 


Acquerir 

to acquire 


Infinitive 


aller 


envoyer 


acquerir 


Pres. Indicative 


vais, vas, va, 
allons, allez, vont 


envoie, envoyons 


acquiers, acquerons 


Imperfect 


allais 


envoyais 


acquerais 


Past Definite 


allai 


envoyai 


acquis 


Future 


irai 


enverrai 


acquerrai 


Conditional 


irais 


enverrais 


acquerrais 


Pres. Sub. 


aille 


envoie 


acquiere 


Imperfect 


allasse 


envoyasse 


acquisse 


Imperative 


va, allons, allez 


envoie, envoyons 


acquiers 


Pres. Part. 


allont 


envoyant 


acquerant 


Past Part. 


all£ 


envoye 


acquis 



-:- 


Courir 

to run 


Cueillir 

to gather, to pick 


Dormir 

to sleep 


Infinitive 


courir 


cueillir 


dormir 


Pres. Indicative 


cours 


cueille 


dors 


Imperfect 


courais 


cueillais 


dormais 


Past Definite 


courus 


cueillis 


dormis 


Future 


courrai 


cueillerai 


dormirai 


Conditional 


courrais 


cueillerais 


dormirais 


Pres. Sub. 


coure 


cueille 


dorme 


Imperfect 


courusse 


cueillisse 


dormisse 


Imperative 


cours 


cueille 


dors 


Pres. Part. 


courant 


cueillant 


dormant 


Past Part. 


couru 


j cueilli 


dormi 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



191 





Irregular Verbs 




-:- 


Faillir 

to fail 


Fuir 

to flee, fly 


Hair 

to hate 


Infinitive 


faillir 


fuir. 


hair 


Pres. Indicative 


faux, faillons 


fuis, fuyons 


hais 


Imperfect 


faillais 


fuyais 


haissais 


Past Definite 


faillis 


fuis, fuimes 


hais haimes 


Future 


faudrai 


fuirai 


hairai 


Conditional 


faudrais 


fuirais 


hairais 


Pres. Sub. 


faille 


fuie 


haisse 


Imperfect 


faillisse 


fuisse 


hai'sse, hait 


Imperative 




fuis 


hai's 


Pres. Part. 


faillant 


fuyant 


haissant 


Past Part. 


failli 


fui 


hai 


-:- 


Mourir 

to die 


Ouvrir 

to open 


Tenir 

to hold 


Infinitive 


mourir 


ouvrir 


tenir 


Pres. Indicative 


meurs 


ouvre 


tiens 


Imperfect 


mourais 


ouvrais 


tenais 


Past Definite 


mourus 


ouvris 


tins 


Future 


mourrai 


ouvrirai 


tiendrai 


Conditional 


mourrais 


ouvrirais 


tiendrais 


Pres. Sub. 


meure 


ouvre 


tienne 


Imperfect 


mourusse 


ouvrisse 


tinsse 


Imperative 


meurs 


ouvre 


tiens 


Pres. Part. 


mourant 


ouvrant 


tenant 


Past Part. 


mort 


ouvert 


tenu 



192 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Irregular Verbs 



-:- 


Venir 

to come. 


Vetir 

to clothe 


Boire 

to drink 


Infinitive 


venir 


vetir 


boire 


Pres. Indicative 


viens 


vets 


bois 


Imperfect 


venais 


vetais 


buvais 


Past Definite 


vins 


vetis 


bus 


Future 


viendrai 


vetirai 


boirai 


Conditional 


viendrais 


vetirais 


boirais 


Pres. Sub. 


vienne 


vets 


boive 


Imperfect 


vinsse 


vetisse 


busse 


Imperative 


viens 


vets 


bois 


Pres. Part. 


venant 


vetant 


buvant 


Past Part. 


venu 


vetu 


bu 



. 


Conclure 


Conduire 


Confire 




to conclude 


to lead, to conduct 


to preserve 


Infinitive 


conclure 


conduire 


confire 


Pres. Indicative 


conclus 


conduis 


coniis 


Imperfect 


concluais 


conduisais 


confisais 


Past Definite 


conclus, conclumes 


conduisis 


confis 


Future 


conclurai 


conduirai 


confirai 


Conditional 


conclurais 


conduirais 


confirais 


Pres. Sub. 


conclue 


conduise 


confise 


Imperfect 


conclusse 


conduisisse 


confisse 


Imperative 


conclus 


conduis 


confis 


Pres. Part. 


concluant 


conduisant 


confisant 


Past Part. 


conclue 


conduit 


confit 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



193 



Irregular Verbs 



-:- 


Connaitre 

to know 


Coudre 

to sew 


Craindre 

to fear 


Infinitive 


connaitre 


coudre 


craindre 


Pres. Indicative 


connais 


couds 


crains 


Imperfect 


connaissais 


cousais 


craignais 


Past Definite 


connus 


cousis 


craignis 


Future 


connaitrai 


coudrai 


craindrai 


Conditional 


connaitrais 


coudrais 


craindrais 


Pres. Sub. 


connaisse 


couse 


craigne 


Imperfect 


connusse 


cousisse 


craignisse 


Imperative 


connais 


couds 


crains 


Pres. Part. 


connaissant 


cousant 


craignant 


Past Part. 


connu 


cousu 


craint 



-:- 


Croire 

to believe 


Croitre 

to grrow 


Dire 

to say 


Infinitive 


croire 


croitre 


dire 


Pres. Indicative 


crois, croyons 


crois, croit, 
croissons 


dis 


Imperfect 


croyais 


croissais 


disais 


Past Definite 


crus 


crus 


dis 


Future 


croirai 


croitrai 


dirai 


Conditional 


croirais 


croitrais 


dirais 


Pres. Sub. 


croie 


croisse 


dise 


Imperfect 


crusse 


crusse 


disse 


Imperative 


crois 


crois 


dis 


Pres. Part. 


croyant 


croissant 


disant 


Past Part. 


cru 


cru, crue 


dit 



194 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Irregular Verbs 



_•_ 


Ecrire 


Faire 


Lire 




to write 


to do. to make 


to read 


Infinitive 


ecrire 


faire 


lire 


Pres. Indicative 


ecris 


fais 


lis 


Imperfect 


ecrivais 


faisais 


lisais 


Past Definite 


ecrivis 


fis 


lus 


Future 


ecrirai 


ferai 


lirai 


Conditional 


ecrirais 


ferais 


lirais 


Pres. Sub. 


ecrive 


fasse 


lise 


Imperfect 


ecrivisse 


fisse 


lusse 


Imperative 


ecris 


fais 


lis 


Pres. Part. 


ecrivant 


faisant 


lisant 


Past Part. 


ecrit 


fait 


lu 



-:- 


Mettre 

to put, to place 


Moudre 

to grind 


Naitre 

to be born 


Infinitive 


mettre 


moudre 


naitre 


Pres. Indicative 


mets 


mouds 


nais 


Imperfect 


mettais 


moulais 


naissais 


Past Definite 


mis 


moulus 


naquis 


Future 


mettrai 


moudrai 


naitrai 


Conditional 


mettrais 


moudrais 


naitrais 


Pres. Sub. 


mette 


moule 


naisse 


Imperfect 


misse 


moulusse 


naquisse 


Imperative 


mets 


mouds, moulons 


nais 


Pres. Part. 


mettant 


moulant 


naissant 


Past Part. 


mis 


moulu 


ne 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 






Irregular Verbs 



Plaire 



Prendre 



Resoudre 



Infinitive 


plaire 


prendre 


resoudre 


Pres. Indicative 


plais 


prends 


resous, resolvons 


Imperfect 


plaisais 


prenais 


r.esolvais 


Past Definite 


plus 


pris 


resolus 


Future 


plairai 


prendrai 


resoudrai 


Conditional 


plairais 


prendrais 


resoudrais 


Pres. Sub. 


plaise 


prenne 


resolve 


Imperfect 


plusse 


prisse 


resolusse 


Imperative 


plais 


prends 


resous 


Pres. Part. 


plaisant 


prenant 


resolvant 


Past Part. 


plu 


pr:s 


resolu 



-:- 


Rire 

t laagrta 


Suivre 

to i : 1 


Traire 

1 : milk 


Infinitive 


rire 


suivre 


traire 


Pres. Indicative 


ris 


suis 


trais, trayons 


Imperfect 


riais, riions 


suivais 


trayais 

* 


Past Definite 


ris 


SU1V1S 




Future 


rirai 


suivrai 


trairai 


Conditional 


rirais 


suivrais 


trairais 


Pres. Sub. 


rie. riions 


suive 


traie, tray ions 


Imperfect 


risse 


suivisse 




Imperative 


ris 


suis 


trais, trayons 


Pres. Part. 


riant 


suivant 


trayant 


Past Part. 


ri 


suivi 


trait 



196 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Irregular Verbs 



_•_ 


Vaincre 


Vivre 


Asseoir 




to conquer 


to live 


to sit 


Infinitive 


vaincre 


vivre 


asseoir 


Pres. Indicative 


vaincs 


vis, vivons 


assieds, asseyons 


Imperfect 


vanquais 


vivais 


asseyais 


Past Definite 


vainquis 


vecus 


assis 


Future 


vaincrai 


vivrai 


assierai or asseyrai 


Conditional 


vaincrais 


vivrais 


assierais or 
asseyrais 


Pres. Sub. 


vainque 


vive 


asseye 


Imperfect 


vainquisse 


vecusse 


assisse 


Imperative 


vaincs, vainquons 


vis, vivons 


assieds, asseyons 


Pres. Part. 


vainquant 


vivant 


asseyant 


Past Part. 


vaincu 


vecu 


assis 



-:- 


Asseoir 

to sit 


Dechoir 

to decline 


Devoir 

to owe, must 


Infinitive 


asseoir 


dechoir 


devoir 


Pres. Indicative 
Imperfect 


assois, assoyons 

assoyais 


dechois, 
dechoyons 


dois, devons 
devais 


Past Definite 


assis 


dechus 


dus 


Future 


assoirai 


decherrai 


devrai 


Conditional 
Pres. Sub. 


assoirais 
assoie 


decherrais 

dechoie, 
dechoyons 


devrais 
doive 


Imperfect 


assisse 


dechusse 


dusse 


Imperative 
Pres. Part. 


assois, assoyons 
assoyant 


dechois, 
dechoyons 


devant 


Past Part. 


assis 


dechu 


du 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



197 



Irregular Verbs 



Mouvoir 

to move 



Pouvoir 

to be able 



Savoir 

to know- 



Infinitive 
Pres. Indicative 
Imperfect 
Past Definite 
Future 
Conditional 
Pres. Sub. 
Imperfect 
Imperative 
Pres. Part. 
Past Part. 



mouvoir 

mous, mouvons 
mouvais 

mus, mumes 

mouvrai 
mouvrais 
mouve 
musse 

mous, mouvons 

mouvant 

mu 



pouvoir 

puis or peux, 
pouvons 

pouvais 

pus 

pourrai 

pourrais 

puisse 

pusse 

pouvant 
pu 



savoir 
sais, savons 
savais 
sus 
saurai 
saurais 
sache 
susse 
sache 
sachant 
su 



, 


Valoir 


Voir 


Vouloir 




to be worth 


to see 


to will, to want 


Infinitive 


valoir 


voir 


vouloir 


Pres. Indicative 


vaux, valons 


vois, vovons 

j 


veux, voulons 


Imperfect 


valais 


vovais 


voulais 


Past Definite 


valus 


vis 


voulus 


Future 


vaudrai 


verrai 


voudrai 


Conditional 


vaudrais 


verrais 


voudrais 


Pres. Sub. 


vaille, valions 


voie 


veuille, voulions 


Imperfect 


valusse 


visse 


voulusse 


Imperative 


vaux, valons 


vois, voyons 


veux, voulons 


Pres. Part. 


valant 


vovant 


voulant 


Past Part. 


valu 


vu 


voulu 



198 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Impersonal Verbs 



-1- 


Falloir 


Pleuvoir 




must 


to rain 


Infinitive 


falloir 


pleuvoir 


Pres. Indicative 


faut 


pleut 


Imperfect 


fallait 


pleuvait 


Past Definite 


fallut 


plut 


Future 


faudra 


pleuvra 


Conditional • 


faudrait 


pleuvrait 


Pres. Sub. 


faille 


pleuve 


Imperfect 


fallut 


plut 


Imperative 






Pres. Part. 




pleuvant 


Past Part. 


fallu 


plu 



D 
DD 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 199 

Verbs Conjugated 

Like aller, 

s'en aller, to go away. 

Like envoyer, 

renvoyer, to send away, to dismiss. 

Like acquerir, 

conquerir, to conquer, s'enquerir, to inquire, querir, 
to seek, reconquerir, to reconquer, requerir, to claim. 

Like courir, 

accourir, to run to, to hasten, concourir, to co-operate, 
to concur, discourir, to discourse, parcourir, to run 
over, recourir, to run again, to apply, secourir, to 
succor, to help. 

Like cueillir, 

accueillir, to welcome, recueillir, to gather, to collect, 
assaillir, to assail, tressaillir, to start. 

Like dormir, 

endormir, to put to sleep, s'endormir, to fall asleep, 
redormir, to sleep again, rendormir, to put to sleep 
again, se rendormir, to go to sleep again, bouillir, to 
boil, mentir, to lie, dementir, to contradict, partir, to 
set out, to depart, repentir, to repent, sentir, to feel, 
consentir, to consent, pressentir, to forebode, ressen- 
tir, to resent, servir, to serve, sortir, to go out. 

Like faillir, 

defaillir, to faint, to fail. 

Like fuir, 

s'enfuir, to flee, to escape, 



200 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

Verbs Conjugated 

Like ouvrir, 

couvrir, to cover, offrir, to offer, souffrir, to suffer. 

Like tenir, 

s'abstenir, to abstain, appartenir, to belong, conte- 
nir, to contain, detenir, to detain, entretenir, to enter- 
tain, maintenir, to maintain, obtenir, to obtain, re- 
tenir, to retain, soutenir, to sustain. 

Like venir, 

advenir, to happen, convenir, to agree, to suit, de- 
venir, to become, intervenir, to intervene, parvenir, 
to prevent, provenir, to proceed, to arise from, revenir, 
to come back, redevenir, to become again, subvenir, 
to aid, survenir, to occur, se ressouvenir, to recollect. 

Like vetir, 

devetir, to divest, se devetir, to undress, se revetir, 
to dress. 

Like conduire, 

econduire, to show out, to dismiss, reconduire, to 
lead back, deduire, to deduct, enduire, to coat, indui- 
re, to induce, introduire, to introduce, produire, to 
produce, seduire, to seduce, reproduire, to reproduce, 
reduire, to reduce, traduire, to translate, construire, 
to construct, instruire, to instruct, reconstruire, to 
reconstruct, detruire* to destroy, cuire, to cook, nuire, 
(past part, nui,) to injure. 

Like confire, 

deconfire, discomfit, suffire, (p. p. suffi) to suffice. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 201 

Verbs Conjugated 

Like connaitre, 

meconnaitre, not to know, reconnaitre, to recognize, 
paraitre, to appear, disparaitre, to disappear, repai- 

tre, to feed, to feast. 

Like coudre, 

decoudre, to unsew, recoudre, to sew again. 

Like craindre, 

plaindre, to pity, atteindre, to attain, peindre, to 

paint, rejoindre, to rejoin. 
Like croitre, 

decroitre, to decrease. 
Like dire, 

contredire, to contradict, interdire, to interdict, pre- 

dire, to predict. 
Like ecrire, 

all verbs ending in scrire. 

Like faire, 

all verbs ending as faire. 
Like mettre. 

all verbs ending in mettre. 
Like prendre, 

all verbs ending in prendre* 

Like resoudre, 

absoudre, (p. p. f. absoute) to absolve, dissoudre, 

(p. p. f. dissoute) to dissolve; both verbs lack the past 

definite and imperfect subjunctive. 
Like traire, 

all verbs ending in traire. 
Like voir, 

all verbs ending in voir. 



202 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Fables et Recits 



Le Laboureur et ses Enfant*. 

Travaillez, prenez de la peine; 

C'est le fonds qui manque le moins 
Un riche laboureur, sentant sa fin prochaine, 
Fit venir ses enfants, leur parla sans temoins; 
Gardez-vous, leur dit-il, de vendre Fheritage 

Que nous ont laisse nos parents: 

Un tresor est cache dedans. 
Je ne sais pas l'endroit; mais un peu de courage 
Vous le fera trouver; vous en viendrez a bout. 
Remuez votre champ des qu'on aura fait Tout: 
Creusez, fouillez, bechez, ne laissez nulle place 

Ou la main ne passe et repasse/' 
Le pere mort, les fils vous retournent le champ, 
Deca ? dela, partout; si bien qu'au bout de Tan 

II en rapportra davantage. 

D'argent, point de cache. Mais le pere fut sage 
De leur montrer avant sa mort, 
Que le travail est un tresor. 



La Fontaine. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 203 



La Laitiere et le Pot Au Lait 

Perrette, sur sa tete ayant un pot au lait 

Bien pose sur un coussinet, 
Pretendait arriver sans encombre a la ville. 
Legere et courte vetue, elle allait a grands pas, 
Ayant mis ce jour-la, pour etre plus agile, 

Cotillon simple et souliers plats. 

Notre laitiere ainsi troussee 

Comptait deja dans sa pensee 
Tout le prix de son lait; en employait Pargent; 
Achetait un cent d^oeufs; faisait triple couvee: 
La chose allait a bien par son soin diligent. 

II m'est, disait-elle, facile 
D'elever des poulets autour de ma maison; 

Le renard sera bien habile 
S'il ne me laisse assez pour avoir un cochon, 
Le pore a s'engraisser coutera peu de son; 
II etait, quand je Feus, de grosseur raisonnable: 
J'aurai, le revendant, de l'argent bel et bon> 
Et qui m'empechera de mettre en notre etable, 
Vu le prix dont il est, une vache et son veau, 
Que je verrai sauter au milieu du troupeau ? " 
Perrette la-dessus saute aussi, transported : 
Le lait tombe; adieu veau, vache, cochon, couve^ 
La dame de ses biens, quittant d'un oeil marri 

Sa fortune ainsi repandue, 

Va s'excuser a son mari, 

En grand danger d'etre battue. 

Le recit en farce en fut fait; 

On Tappela le Pot au lait. 

La Fontaine. 



204 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



La Cigale et la Fourmi 



La cigale ayant chante 

Tout Fete, 
Se trouva fort depourvue 
Quand la bise fut venue : 
Pas un seul petit morceau 
De mouche ou de vermisseau, 
Elle alia crier famine 
Chez la fourmi sa voisine, 
La priant de lui preter 
Quelque grain pour subsister 
Jusqu'a la saison nouvelle, 
"Je vous paierai, lui dit-elle, 
Avant Tout, foi d'animal, 
Interet et principal >? 
La fourmi n ? est pas preteuse r 
C'est la son moindre defaut. 

Que fassiez-vous au temps chaud ? 
Dit-elle a cette emprunteuse, 
— Nuit et jour a tout venant 
Je chantais, ne vous deplaise, 
— Vous chantiez ? J'en suis fort aise. 
Eh biem dansez maintenant." 



EjA. FONTAlBtK. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 205 

Les Deux Voyageurs. 

Le compere Thomas et son ami Lubin 
Allaient a pied to us deux a la ville prochaine. 

Thomas trouve sur son chemin 

Une bourse de louis pleine : 
II l'empoche aussitot. Lubin, d'un air content, 

Lui dit : "Pour nous la bonne aubaine ! 

Xon, repond Thomas froidement, 
Pour nous n'est pas bien dit; pour moi, c'est different" 
Lubin ne souffle plus; mais, en quittant la plaine, 
lis trouvent des voleurs caches au bois voisin. 

Thomas tremblant, et non sans cause, 
Dit; 'Nous sommes perdus." Non, lui repond Lubin, 
Nous n'est pas le vrai mot ; mais toi, c'est autre chose. " 
Cela dit, il s'echappe a travers les taillis. 
Immobile de peur, Thomas est bientot pris : 

II tire la bourse et la donne. 
Qui ne songe qu'a soi quand sa fortune est bonne, 

Dans le malheur n'a point d'amis. 

FLORIAN. 



206 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



Lecture 



L'abeille et la' mouche. 

Un jour, une abeille aper£ut une mouche 
aupres de sa ruche. ''Que viens-tu faire ici? 
lui dit-elle d'un ton furieux. Vraiment! c'est 
bien & toi, vil animal, a te meler avec les reines 
de 1'air! — Tu as raison, reprit froidement la 
mouche: on a toujours tort de s'approcher 
d'une nation aussi fougueuse que la votre, — Rien 
n'est plus sage que nous, dit Tabeille: nous 
seules avons des lois et une republique bien 
policee ; nous ne broutons que des fleurs odori- 
ferantes, nous ne faisons que du miel delicieux 
qui egale le nectar. Ote-toi de ma presence, 
vilaine mouche importune, qui ne tais que 
bourdonner et chercher ta vie sur des ordures. 
— Nousvivonscomme nous pouvons, reponditla 
mouche ; la pauvrete n'est pas un vice, mais la 
colere en est un grand. Vous faites du miel 
qui est doux, mais votre coeur est toujours 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 207 

amer. Vous etes sages dans vos lois, mais em- 
portees dans votre conduite. Votre colere qui 
pique vos ennemis, vous donne la mort, et 
votre folle cruaute vous fait plus de mal qu'a 
personne." 

FENELON. 



Adieu, roti ! 

Je ne puis me rappeler sans rire qu'un soir, 
chez mon pere, etant condamne pour quelque 
espieglerie a m'aller coucher sans souper, et 
passant par la cuisine avec mon triste morceau 
de pain, je vis et flairai le roti tournant a la 
broche. On etait autour du feu : il fallait en 
passant saluer tout le monde. Quand la ronde 
fut faite, lorgnant du coin de Toeil ce roti qui 
avait si bonne mine et qui semblait si bon, je ne 
pus m'abstenir de lui faire aussi ma reverence 
et de lui dire d'un ton piteux : "Adieu, roti" 
Cette saillie de naivete parut si plaisante, qu'on 
me fit rester a souper. 

J. J. ROUSSEAU. 



208 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

L'ane astrologue. 

Louis XI, sur la parole de son astrologue, qui 
lui avait predit le beau temps etait alle a la 
chasse. Quand il fut au bois, il recontra un 
pauvre homme qui touchait son ane charge de 
charbon. On lui demanda s'il ferait beau, et il 
annon£a qu'il tomberait assurement une grande 
pluie, Lorsque le roi fut rentre bien trempe, 
il fit venir le charbonnier. "D'oti vient, dit-il 
que tu en sais plus que mon astrologue?" ''Sire, 
dit celui-ci, ce n'est pas moi, c'est mon ane. 
Quand je le vois se gratter et secouer les oreil- 
les, je suis bien sur qu'il y aura de Teau". Pour 
lors, ce fut un grand sujet de moquerie pour le 
roi, qui reprochait a un astrologue d'en savoir 
moins qu'un ane. 

De BARANTE. 



□ 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 209 



Oral Drill 



1. Parlez-vous frangais ? 2. Parlons-nous 
frangais? 3. Parlerons-nous frangais ? 4. Par- 
leraient~ils frangais ? 5. Si vous etiez en France 
parleriez-vous frangais ? 6. Est-ce que je parle 
frangais ou anglais ? 7. Comprenez-vous ce 
que je dis? 8. Comprennent-ils ce que vous 
dites ? 9. Ne me comprenez-vous pas? 10. 
Comprendrez-vous Louis s'il parle lentement? 
11. Les comprendrions-nous s'ils parlaient len- 
tement? 12. Ne les comprendraient-ils pas? 
13. Quels livres frangais lisez-vous ? 14. Dans 
quel livre etudiez-vous ? 



1. What time is it? 2. At what time do you 
get up ? 3. At what time does your brother 
get up ? 4. At what time shall you get up to- 
morrow morning? 5. At what time would 
you get up if you were going to the country ? 
6. Get up quickly. 7. Let us get up at once. 



210 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

8. Do you have a dog ? 9. Will you have dogs 
and cats in- the country? 10. Would your sister 
have birds? 11. Do they like animals? 12. 
Does he like horses? 13. Do we like good 
children ? 



1. Que faites-vous? 2. Que faisiez-vous lors- 
que je suis entre ? 3. Qu'avons-nous fait hier ? 
4. Que fera-t-il demain ? 5. Ou irez-vous la 
semaine prochaine ? 6. Louise ira-t-elle avec 
vous ? 7. Voulez-vous nous permettre d'aller 
avec vous ? 8. Quand vos amis iront-ils a la 
campagne? 9. Marie irait-elle avec vous si vous 
Tinvitiez? 10. Qui ira avec eux ? 11. Fait-il 
beau temps aujourd hui ? 12. Fait-il froid ou 
chaud? 13. Fait-il du vent? 14. Pleut-il? 
15. Neige-t-il? 16. Pleuvait-il hier ? 



1. What are you doing? 2. What is your 
friend doing? 3. What are we doing? 4. 
How old are you ? 5. How old were you two 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 211 

years ago? 6. How old is your brother? 7. 
How are you to-day ? 8. How is your mother ? 

9. What days of the week do you go to school ? 

10. What day of the week do you go to church ? 

11. In what month are we ? 12. What day of 
the month is it to-day? 13. When do you go 
home? 14. When shall I go home? 



1. Quel pays habitez-vous ? 2. Dans quelle 
partie du monde sommes-nous ? 3. Combien 
de parties du monde y a.-t-il ? 4. Avez-vous 
visite l'Europe et l'Afrique ? 5. Dans quelle 
ville demeurez-vous ? 6. Oil demeure votre 
cousine Lucie? 7. Peut-on visiter la lune? 8. 
Comment appelle-t-on les habitants d'Europe? 
9. Ceux d'Amerique, d'Asie et d'Afrique? 10. 
Dans quelle partie du monde se trouve l'Aus- 
tralie ? 11. Avez-vous jamais visite TEurope 
et l'Afrique? 12. Quelle est la capitale des 
Etats-Unis? 13. Comment s'appelle le president 
des Etats-Unis? 14. Comment s'appelle le 
president de France ? 



212 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Are you writing a French letter? 2. To 
whom are you writing ? 3. Shall we write to 
him ? 4. Would you write to them ? 5. 
Would you write to me if I were in Europe ? 
6. Did you receive the letter I wrote to you 
last week? 7. Who saw the boy with black 
hair and long ears? 8. We saw birds and wild 
animals in Lincoln Park. 9. What do you 
see? 10. Whom did you see at church ? 11. 
Have you seen the King of England or of 
Spain ? 12. When shall we see your father and 
mother ? 13. Would you not see her if she 
were here ? 



1. Que dites-vous mon enfant? 2. De quoi 
parlez-vous ? 3. Connaissez-vous cette petite 
fille qui est debout pres de la fenetre ? 4. Que 
faisait-il lorsque j'ecrivais au tableau noir ? 5. 
Pourquoi restent-ils debout? 6. Asseyez-vous 
quand vous avez fini de repondre. 7. Pourquoi 
n'avez-vous pas repondu a ma question ? 8. 
Qui a repondu? 9. Ne repondriez-vous pas a 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 213 

ma question, si vous saviez de quoi il s'agit ? 

10. Avez-vous appris votre le^on aujourd'hui ? 

11. Louise sait-elle ses verbes ? 12. Ou avez- 
vous fait la connaissance de la dame dont vous 
parliez. 13. Pourquoi n'a-t-il pas appris sa lecpon? 
14. Sauriez-vous mieux votre lectori, si vous aviez 
eu plus de temps pour Tetudier? 



1. Did you read to-day's newspaper? 2. 
What are the news ? 3. Do you know what 
has happened yesterday? 4. No, tell me all 
about it. 5. Do you know who has arrived? 

6. Please, tell me what he said when he came. 

7. What shall we tell her, when she comes ? 

8. Do you know the ladies we met yesterday ? 

9. How long have you known Mrs. White? 10. 
Would you like to make the acquaintance of 
my friend? 11. Did you tell the children not to 
go out? 12. Did she not tell you that she 
knows me? 13. Do you know your lesson 
to-day? 14. Tell me w r hat you know of them. 
15. Where did you meet them? 



214 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Avez-vous commande le diner? 2. Que 
desirez-vous manger? 3. Aimez-vous le pois- 
son? 4. Qui a commande les cotelettes de veau 
et les oeufs a la coque? 5. Pour qui est ce 
melon? 6. Pourquoi ne passez-vous pas le sel 
et le poivre a votre soeur? 7. Voulez-vous du 
fromage ? 8. Aurez-vous de la tarte si vous 
n'etes pas sage? 9. Ces fruits sont-ils murs? 
10. Leur avez-vous donne les fraises et les fram- 
boises qui etaient sur la table ? 11. Avez-vous 
donne le pain et les bananes au vieux mendiant? 
12. Voulez-vous du poulet et de la salade ? 13. 
Le garc^on a~t~il apporte un couteau, une four- 
chette et un verre ? 14. Nommez les objets 
dont nous nous servons pour manger. 15. 
Avez-vous encore faim et soif ? 



1. What would you like to have for supper ? 

2. Does your brother eat carrots and onions? 

3. Will you have some soup ? 4. Has she any 
appetite? 5. Will you have tea or coffee? 6. 
Who likes candies and honey ? 7. Do the 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 215 

children like cake and jam ? 8. Do you wish 
more butter and bread? 9. Tell the waiter to 
bring us some milk and water. 10. To whom 
did you give your desert? 11. Has the waiter 
brought apricots and pears? 12. What kind 
of fruit have you in your garden ? 13. Shall 
we eat this pineapple ? 



1. Nommez plusieurs parties du corps? 2. 
Combien d'oreilles avez-vous ? 3. Paul a-t-il 
mal a la gorge? 4, Pourquoi ne va-t-il pas 
au docteur? 5. Avez-vous froid aux pieds ? 
6. Pourquoi vous frottez-vous les yeux ? 7, 
S'est-il pique le doigt ? 8. Qui s'est casse le 
bras? 9. Qu' avez-vous ? 10. Pourquoi ce 
cheval boite-t-il ? 11. N'avez-vous pas mal a la 
tete ? 12. Dans quelle bataille ce soldat a-t-il 
perdu la jambe. 13. Qui a creve les yeux a ce 
pauvre chat ? 14. Pourquoi ne donnez-vous 
pas la main a votre petit frere ? 15. Ou avez- 
vous mal ? 



216 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. What is the color of her hair? 2. Has he 
a sore throat? 3. Who has a headache? 4. 
Has your cousin brown or blue eyes ? 5. Did 
they wash their hands and face ? 6. Has she 
a toothache? 7. What is the matter with them? 
8. What is the matter with her ? 9. How did 
that poor boy break his leg? 10. Why don't 
you shake hands with him? 11. Why has he 
a red nose? 12. Did you hear that Mr. Brown 
broke his arm? 13. Why have you such red 
cheeks, did you run ? 



1 . Ou allez-vous ce matin ■? 2. Voyez-vous 
mon chien sur le boulevard ? 3. Qui est sur le 
trottoir devant cette grande maison rouge ? 4. 
N'est-ce pas madame votre mere qui est dans le 
magasin ? 5. Demeurent-ils dans cette rue ? 6. 
A qui appartient F automobile qui est devant 
votre maison? 7. Irez-vous au village a pied 
ou en voiture ? 8. Voyez-vous le musee ? 9. 
A quel hotel descendez-vous a Paris ? 10. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 217 

Quand irons-nous en ville ? 11. Defendez aux 
enfants de jouer sur la place publique ? 12. 

N'aiment-ils pas a se promener dans l'avenue? 
13. Irons-nous au restaurant? 14. Qui etait 
dans la boutique ? 



1. Shall we go to the store this afternoon? 
2. Did you meet in} 7 mother and sister on the 
street? 3. Who was with you in the shop? 
4. Would you like to visit the museum next 
Saturday ? 5. Shall we go to the country in a 
carriage or in an automobile? 6. Why are the 
children pla}dng on the street ? 7. Is not this 
avenue beautiful ? 8. Don't you w r ant to go 
to the store? 9. Let us walk on the sidewalk. 

10. At what hotel does she stop in London? 

11. Shall we dine in the restaurant or at home? 

12. Are the man and the woman in the avenue? 

13. Are your friends in the automobile ? 14. 
Why don't you go to town to-day? 



218 PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 

1. Comment trouvez-vous mon chapeau neuf? 
2. Avez-vous une bonne modiste? 3. Pensez- 
vous que la robe de Marie lui aille bien? 4. 
Avez-vous dit a la blanchisseuse de venir de- 
main? 5. L'infirmiere est-elle arrivee? 6. La 
cuisiniere est-elle dans la cuisine? 7. Avec qui? 
8. Ferez-vous venir la couturiere ? 9. Etes- 
vous alle chez le boulanger ? 10. Le boucher 
avait-il de la bonne viande ? 11. Avez-vous 
rencontre la bonne d'enfant? 12. Le medecin 
etait-il chez lui ? 13. Quels objets le charpen- 
tier fait-il ? 14. Ecoutez-vous toujours les le- 
90ns du professeur ? 



1. Do you know a good dressmaker? 2. 
Where does she live? 3. Did the butler bring 
the salad and fruit? 4. What is your doctor's 
name? 5. What does the grocer sell? 6. Did 
you go to the milliner? 7. Have you seen the 
nursery-maid with the children? 8. Did you 
tell the lady's maid to go and fetch my pink 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 219 

dress? 9. Who is in the kitchen? 10. Did 
they send for the tailor? 11. Did you give the 
meat to the cook? 12. Where have you seen 
the nurse? 13. What did you bring from the 
baker? 14. Where did you meet the lawyer's 
wif e ? 



□ 



220 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



VOCABULARY 



FRENCH — ENGLISH 



abricot, m. apricot. 
abriter, to take shelter, 
absent, -e, absent. 
accompagner, to accompany. 
achat, m. purchase. 
acheter, to buy, 
acteur, m. actor. 
actrice, f. actress. 

ad 

addition, f. addition. 
adieu, m, farewell 
aeroplane, m. aeroplane. 
age, rn. age, 
agir, to act. 
agrafe, f. hook. 
aider, to aid, to help. 
aigre, sour. 
aiguille, f. needle. 

aim 

aimable, amiable, lovable. 
aimer, to love, to like. 
aine, -e, eldest, elder. 
air, m. air, appearance. 
aller,to go, s*en aller,to go away. 
ame, f. soul, mind. 
ami, m. amie, f. friend. 
ami tie, f. friendship. 
amour-propre, m. self-respect. 



an 

an, m. year, 
ananas, m pineapple. 
anglais, -e, English. 
animal, m. animal, brute. 
annee, f. whole year. 

app 

appartenir, to belong. 

appeler, to call. 

applaudir, to applaud, 

apporter, to bring. 

apprendre, to learn, to hear of, 

apres, after. 

apres-midi, m. f. afternoon. 

arb 

arbre, m. tree. 
ardoise, f. slate, 
argent, m. silver, money. 
armoire, f. closet, wardrobe. 
arriver, to arrive, to happen, 
asperge, f. asparagus. 
asseoir, to sit, s — , to sit down, 
assez, enough. 
assiette, f. plate. 
attention, f. attention, care. 



au 



au, to the, at the. 
aujourd'hui, to-day. 
aussi, too, also. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



221 



aut 

automobile, f. motor-car. 
autour, about, around. 
avancer, to advance, to bring. 
avant, before. 
avec, with. 
avenue, f. avenue. 
averse, f. shower of rain. 
avoine, f. oats. 

ba 

bague, f. ring. 

baigner, to bathe. 

baisser, to let down, to lower. 

balle, f. ball, bullet. 

banc, m. bench, seat. 

barbe, f. beard. 

bas, m. stocking. 

bas, -se, low. 

bat 

batir, to build. 

batiste, f. cambric. 

baton, m. stick, cane. 

beau, bel, belle, beautiful, fine, 

handsome. 
beau-pere, m. father-in-law, 

bel 

belle-fille, f. daughter-in-law. 

belle-mere, f. mother-in-law. 

beurre, m. butter. 

beche, f. spade. 

betail, m. (bestiaux, pi.) cattle. 

bete, f. beast, brute, fool. 



bi 

bien, well, right, proper. 

bifteck, m. beef -steak. 

bijou, m. jewel. 

billard, m. billiards. 

bille, f. billiard-ball, marble. 

blanc, -he, white, clean. 

blanchisseuse, f. washerwoman, 

laundress. 
ble, m. wheat, corn. 
blesser, to wound, to hurt. 
bleu, -e, blue. 
bleuet, m. corn-flower. 
blouse, f. blouse. 



bob 



bobine, f. spool, reel. 
boeuf, m. ox, bull. 
bois, m. wood. 
boite, f. box, case. 
bol, m. bowl, finger-bowl. 
bon, -ne. good, kind. 
bonte, f. goodness, kindness. 
bord, m. edge, shore, bank. 



bou 



boue, f. dirt, mud, filth. 
bouc, m. he-goat. 
bouche. f. mouth. 
boucher, m. butcher. 
boucher, to stop, to stuff. 
boucles d'oreilles, f. ear-rings. 
boulanger, m. baker. 
boulevard, m. boulevard, 
bulwark. 



222 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



bou 

bouquet, m. nosegay, bunch, 

bouquet. 
bourse, f. purse. 
boutique, f. shop. 
bouton, m. button, bud, pimple. 
bracelet, m. bracelet. 
branche, f. branch. 
bras, m. arm. 

bre 

brebis, f, ewe. 

briller, to shine, to sparkle. 

brosse a dents, f. tooth-brush. 

brosse a cheveux, f. hair-brush. 

bran, -e, brown. 

buche, f. log, block-head. 

biicheron, m. wood-cutter. 

buvard, m. blotting-paper. 

ca 

cage, f. cage. 

cahier, m. copy-book. 

campagne, f. country, fields. 

canape, m. sofa, couch. 

canard, m. duck. 

canif, m. penknife. 

canne, f. walking-stick, cane. 

car 

caractere, m. character, temper. 

carafe, f. decanter, water-bottle. 

carotte, f. carrot. 

carre, -e, square. 

carreau, m. pane (of glass). 

carte, f. card, map. 



cas 

casser, to break, to crack. 
ce, cet, cette, ces, this, that, 

these, those. 
celebre, celebrated, famous. 
centime, m. one-fifth of a cent. 
cerceau, m. hoop, ring. 
cerise, f. cherry. 
cervelle, f. brains, head, mind. 
cesser, to cease, to leave off. 



cha 



chagrin, m. sorrow, grief. 
chaine, f. chain. 
chaise, f. chair, seat. 
chaleur, f. heat, ardor. 
chambre, f. room, chamber. 
champ, m. field. 
chanson, f. song. 
chant, m. singing, 
chanter, to sing. 
chanvre, m. hemp. 
chapeau, m. hat. 



char 



charitable, charitable. 
charmant, -e, charming, de- 
lightful. 
charpentier, m. carpenter. 
charrue, f . plow. 
chasseur, m. hunter. 
chat, m. chatte, f. cat. 
chaussette, f. sock. 
chemin, m. way, road. 
chemise, f. shirt, chemise. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



223 



che 

cher, dear, expensive. 
cheval, m. horse. 
cheveu, m. hair. 
cheville, f. ankle-bone. 
chevre, f. goat. 
chez, at, in, to the house of. 
ciel, m. sky, heaven. 
cil, m. eye-lash. 
ciseaux, m. scissors. 
citron, m. citron, lemon. 

col 

col, m. collar. 
collier, m. necklace. 
colline, f. hill. 

combien, how much, how many. 
comment, how, why. 
commode, f. bureau. 
complet, complete. 
compter, to count, to intend, 
to expect. 

con 

concert, m. concert. 

conduire, to conduct, to lead. 

confiture, f. jam, preserve. 

connaissance, f. knowledge, ac- 
quaintance. 

connaitre, to know, to be ac- 
quainted with. 

consentir, to consent. 

constamment, steadily, constan- 

tiy. 
coq, m. cock, rooster. 
coquelicot, m. wild poppy. 



cor 

corbeau, m. crow. 
corbeille, f. basket. 
corneille, f. carrion, crow. 
corps, m. body. 
corridor, m. lobby, corridor. 
costume, m. suit, uniform. 
cote, f . rib of the body, hill 
cotelette, f. chop. 
coton, m, cotton. 

cou 

cou, m. neck. 

coucher, to put to bed, se — , to 

go to bed. 
coude, m. elbow, angle. 
coudre, to sew. 
couler, to flow, to run. 
couper, to cut. 
courageux, courageous, 
couteau, m. knife. 
couter, to cost. 
couturiere, f. dressmaker. 

era 

craindre, to fear, to be afraid of . 

crainte, f. fear. 

cravate, f. necktie. 

crayon, m. pencil. 

crier, to cry. 

crochet, m. hook. 

cueillir, to pick, to gather. 

cuire, to cook. 

cuisine, kitchen. 

cuisiniere, f. woman cook. 

cultivateur. n. farmer. 



224 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



da 

dahlia, m, dahlia, 

dans, in, within, 

danser, to dance, 

danseur, m, dancer, 

davantage, more, 

de, m. thimble. 

debout, standing, 

def aire, to undo, to unpack. 

defaut, n. defect , fault, 

dejeuner, m. breakfast, 

delicieux, delicious. 

dem 

demanded, to ask, to demand. 

demeurer, to live* 

demoiselle, f. young lady, 

dent, f. tooth. 

dentelle, f. lace* 

depecher, to hasten, 

depuis, since. 

deranger, to derange, to put out 

of order, to disturb. 
derriere, behind, 

de* 

desirer, to desire. 
de*sin, m. drawing, 
devant, before, in front of. 
devoir, m. duty, task. 
devoir, to owe. 
diamante m. diamond. 
dictionnaire, m. dictionary. 



din 



dinde. turkey hen, 

dindon, turkey. 

diner, m. dinner. 

dire, to tell, to say. 

division, f. division, partition. 

doigt, m. finger. 

domino, m. domino. 

donner, to give. 

dont, whose, of which. 

dos, m. back. 



dou 



doublure, f. lining, 
doute m. doubt, distrust. 
doux, sweet, gentle. 
douzaine, f. dozen. 
drap, m. cloth, sheet, 
droit, -e, straight, right, 
du, m. of the, from the. 



ea 



eau, f. water, 

eclair, m. lightning, flash of 

lightning. 
eclairer, to light, 
eclore, to hatch, 
ecole, f. school. 
ecrire, to write, to spell, 
egal, -e, equal, 
eglise f. church, 
embrasser, to embrace, to kiss\ 
emeraude, f. emerald. 
empecher, to oppose, to prevent. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



225 



en 

encore, still, yet, more, again, 
encre, f. ink. 
enfant, m, child, 
enrichir, to enrich. 
ensemble, together. 
ensuite, after, afterwards. 
entrer, to enter, to come in, 
enveloppe, f. envelope. 

epa 

epais, i -se, thick, heavy. 

epaule, f. shoulder, 

epee, f. sword. 

epi m. ear of corn, 

epicier, m. grocer. 

epinard, m. spinach, 

epingle, f. pin. 

equitation, t riding. 

espece, f. kind, sort, 

esprit, m. spirit, soul, mind, wit. 

est 

estimer, to esteem. 
estomac, m. stomach. 
etang, m. pond, 
etoile, f. star. 
etude, f. study, 
etudier, to study, 
examen, m. examination. 
excellent, -e, excellent. 
exercice, m. exercise, practice. 
exterieur, -e, exterior. 
extremite, f. extremity* 



fa 



face, face, front* 

faire, to make, or do. 

famille, f. family. 

faner, to fade, to fade away. 

farine, f, flour. 

faucheur, m. mower, 

faute, f. fault, mistake, error, 

fauteuil, m. arm-chair. 

fe 

fee, f. fairy. 

femme, f. woman, wife. 

fenetre, f. window. 

ferme, f. farm. 

fermer, to shut, to close* 

fermier, m. farmer. 

fer a cheval, m, horse-shoe. 

feu, m, fire. 

feuille, f. leaf, sheet, (of paper) 



fiance-e, betrothed. 
fiancer, to be troth- 
ficelle, f, string. 
fidele, loyal, faithful 
fil, m. thread* 
fille, t girl, daughter, 
filleul-e, godson, goddaughter. 
fils, m. son. 

flacon, m. smelling bottle* 
flanelle, f. flannel. 
fleur, f. flower. 
fleuve, m. river. 
flute, f. flute. 



226 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



fo 

foin, m. hay. 

fond, m. bottom, end. 

fontaine, f. fountain. 

foret, f. forest. 

forme, f. form, shape. 

fou, m. folle, f. insane, crazy. 

fourche, f. fork, pitchfork. 

fourchette, f . fork. 

fourreur, m. furrier. 

fourrure, f. fur. 



fraise, f. strawberry. 
francais,-e. French. 
frapper, to knock, to strike. 
frere, m. brother. 
froid,-e. cold. 
fromage, m. cheese. 
front, m. forehead. 
fruit, m. fruit. 
fusil, m. gun. 
fusilier, to shoot down. 

ga 

gagnant, m. winner. 
gagner, to gain, to win, to earn. 
gant, m. glove. 

garantir, to guarantee, to war- 
rant. 
garcon, m. boy, waiter. 
garniture, f. trimming. 
gauche, f. left-hand. 
geai, m. jay. 



ge 

gencive, f. gum, (of the teeth) 

gendre, m. son-in-law. 

generalement, generally. 

genou, m. knee. 

genre, m. kind, sort. 

gentil -le, nice, kind, pretty. 

geographie, f. geography. 

geranium, m. geranium. 

girafe, f. giraffe. 

glace, f. ice, looking-glass. 

golf, m. golf. 

gomme, f. gum, india-rubber. 

grammaire, f. grammar. 

gra 

grand, -e, large, great, tall. 
grand'mere, f. grandmother. 
grand-pere, m. grandfather. 
grenier, m. garret, attic. 
grele, f. hail. 
gris, -e, gray. 
gronder, to scold. 
gros, -se, large, big. 
guitare, f. guitar 
gymnastique, f. gymnastics, 

ha 

habile, clever, skillful. 

habiller, to dress. 

habilete, f. ability, cleverness. 

habit, m. coat. 

habiter, to inhabit, to dwell in. 

hameau, m. hamlet. 

hanche, f. hip. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



227 



har 

haricot, m. bean. 
harpe, f. harp. 
hater, to hasten, to hurry. 
haut, -e, high, tall. 
hauteur, f. height. 
hermine, f. ermine. 
heure, f. hour, time. 
heureux, happy, fortunate. 
hier, yesterday. 
hirondelle, f. swallow. 
hist oi re, f. history, story. 

horn 

homard, m. lobster. 

homme m. man. 

honnetete, f. honesty, probity. 

hotel, m. hotel. 

houppe, f. powder-puff. 

huile, f. oil. 

huitre, f. oyster. 

humidite, f. dampness, humidity. 



ile, f. island. 

illustre, illustrious, famous. 
inaugurer, to inaugurate, to open. 
indiquer, to indicate, to point out. 
infirmiere, f. hospital-nurse. 
initiale, f. initial. 
instituteur, m. teacher. 
institutrice, f, teacher. 
instruire, to teach. 



ins 



instrument, m instrument. 
interieur, m. interior, inside. 
inutile, useless, fruitless. 
inviter, to invite. 

ja 

jamais, never, ever. 
jambe, f. leg. 
jambon, m. ham. 
jardin, m. garden, 
jeter, to throw. 
jeu, m. game, play. 
jeune, young. 
joli, -e, pretty. 
jonquille, f. jonquil. 

jou 

joue, f. cheek. 
jouer, to play, to act. 
jouet, m. toy, plaything. 
joueur, player, gambler. 
jour, m. day, daytime. 
journee, f . day, day's work. 
jumeau, m. twin. 
jumelle, f. twin. 
jument, f. mare. 
jupe, f. skirt. 
jupon, m. petticoat. 
juste, just, equitable. 
justement, honestly, precisely. 



u 



laborieux, laborious, indus- 
trious. 
lac, m. lake. 
laid, -e, ugly, homely. 



228 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



lai 

laine, f. wool. 
laisser, to leave, to quit. 
lait, m. milk. 

langouste, spiny lobster, craw- 
fish. 
langue, f. tongue, language. 
lapin, m. rabbit. 
lard, m. bacon, pork. 
large, broad, wide. 
largeur, f. width. 



Iec 

lecon, f. lesson. 
lecture, f. reading. 
legume, m. vegetable, 
lentement, slowly. 
lettre, f. letter. 
leur, them, their. 
levre, f. lip. 
libre, free, at liberty. 
lilas, m. lilac. 
lin, m. flax. 
Hon, m. lion. 

lir 

lire, to read. 

lis, m. lily-daffodil. 

lit, m. bed. 

livre, m. book. 

livre, f. pound. 

loin, far, far off. 

longtemps, long, a long while. 

longueur, f. length. 



lor 



lorsque, when. 
loup, m. wolf. 
lune, f. moon. 
magasin, m. store. 
magnifique, magnificent. 
main, f. hand. 
mais, but, why. 
maison, f. house. 
maitre d'ecole, m. school mas- 
ter. 

maitre d'hotel, m. steward, 
butler. 



mal 



mal, ill, wrong, badly. 
malle, f. trunk. 
manchette, f. cuff. 
manchon, m. muff. 
mandoline, f. mandolin. 
manger, to eat. 
manicure, f. manicure. 
manteau, m. cloak, coat. 



mar 



marguerite, f. daisy. 

mari, m. husband. 

marie, -e bridegroom, bride. 

marraine, f. godmother. 

marteau, m. hammer. 

martre, f. marten, sable. 

matin, m. morning. 

matinee, f. morning, forenoon. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



229 



mau 

mauvais, -e, bad. 

medecin, m, physician, doctor, 

meilleur, -e, better, 

melon, m. melon. 

mentir, to lie. 

menton, m. chin. 

mer, f, sea, 

merci, thank you, 

mere, f, mother. 

merle, m, blackbird, 

mesure, f. measure, 

met 

metre, m. yard. 
mettre, to put, to put on. 
mieux, better, best, 
minute, f. minute. 
mode, f. mode, fashion, 
modiste, f, milliner. 
moineau, m. sparrow. 
moins, less, minus, 
mois, m. month. 
monde, m. world, people, 
montre, f. watch, 

mor 

morceau, m. piece, morcei 
morue, f. codfish. 
mot, m. word. 
mouchoir, m. handkerchief, 
mouette, f, gull, sea-mew. 
mousse, f. moss. 
moustache, f, mustache, 



mu 

muguet, m. lily of the valley. 

multiplication, f. multiplication, 

mur, m. wall. 

murir, to ripen, to grow ripe. 

musee, m. museum. 

musicien, -ne, m. f. musician. 

musique, f, music, 

nappe, f. cloth, table cloth- 

navet, m. turnip. 



ne 



ne — pas, not, none. 
neige, f . snow. 
neiger, to snow. 
nettoyer, to clean. 
neuf, new. 
neveu, m. nephew. 
nez, m. nose. 
nid. m. nest. 
niece, f. niece. 



no 



noeud, m. knot, bow. 

noir, -e, black. 

nord. m, North, 

nos, our. 

notre, our. 

nouveau, nouvel, -le, new, 

recent. 
nourriture, f. food, nourishment. 
nuit, f. night, 

obliger, to oblige, to compel 
occasion, f. opportunity, 



230 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



oc 

ocean, m. ocean. 
odeur, f. odor, smell. 
odieux, hateful, odious. 
oeil, m. eye, yeux, pi. eyes. 
oeuf, m. egg. 

offenser, to offend, to hurt. 
office, m. duty, pantry. 
offrir, to offer. 
oiseau, m. bird. 

om 

omelette, f . omelet. 

omnibus, m. omnibus. 

on, one, they, we, you, people. 

oncle, m. uncle. 

ongle, m. nail. 

or, m. gold. 

orage, m. storm. 

orange, f. orange. 

orchestre, m. orchestra. 

ordinaire, ordinary, common. 

oreille, f . ear. 

org 

orge, f. barley. 

orgue, m. organ. 

orgueil, m. pride. 

orthographe, f. orthography, 

spelling. 
os, m. bone. 
oser, to dare, to venture. 
ou, or, ou, where. 
oublier, to forget. 



OU 



ouest, m. West. 
oui, yes. 
ours, -e, bear. 
ouvrier, workingman. 
ouvrir, to open. 
page, f. page. 
paille, f. straw. 
pain, m. bread. 
panier, m. basket. 
pantalon, m. trousers. 
panthere, f. panther. 
pantoufle, f. slipper. 



pap 



papier, m. paper. 
papillon, m. butterfly. 
paquet, m. packet, parcel. 
parce que, because. 
pareil, -le, like, alike. 
parent, -e, relative, parents. 
paresse, f. idleness, laziness. 
parfum, m. perfume, odor. 



par 

parler, to speak. 
parole, f. word, speech. 
parrain, m. godfather. 
partie, f. part. 

partir, to part, to depart, to start. 
parure, f. attire, set. 
passant, m. passer-by. 
passer, to pass, to call. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



231 



pas 

passe-lacet, m. bodkin. 

patinage, m. skating. 

patiner, to skate. 

pauvre, poor. 

pays, m. country, fatherland. 

paysage, m. landscape, scenery. 

peau, f. skin. 

peche, f. peach. 

peche, m. sin. 

peigne, m, comb. 

peine, f. sorrow, trouble. 

pelote, f. pin cushion. 

pen 

pendant, during. 
pendule, f. chimney clock. 
pensee, f. thought. 
penser, to think. 
perdant, m. loser. 
perdre, to lose. 
perdrix, f. partridge. 
pere, m. father. 
perle, f. pearl, bead. 
perroquet, m. parrot. 
perruche, f. she parrot. 

pet 

petit, -e, little, small. 
petite-fille, f. granddaughter. 
petit-fils, m. grandson. 
phrase, f. sentence. 
piano, m. piano. 
pie, f. magpie. 



pie 



pied, m. foot. 
pioche, f. pickax. 
pire, worse, worst. 
pistolet, m. pistol. 
place, f. place, room. 
plage, f. beach, seashore. 
plaisir, m. pleasure. 
plante, f. plant. 
plat, m. dish. 



pleurer, to weep, to cry. 
pleuvoir, to rain. 
pluie, f. rain. 
plume, f. pen, feather. 
plus, more. 
poignet, m. wrist. 
poire, f. pear. 
pois, m. peas. 
poisson, m. fish. 
poitrine. f, chest, breast. 



pie 



pol 



poli, -e, polite. 
politesse, f. politeness. 
pomme, f. apple, 
pomme de terre, f. potato. 
porte, f. door, 
porte-monnaie, m» purse. 
porte-plume, m. penholder. 
porter, to carry, to wear. 
possible, possible, 
potage, m. soup. 



232 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



pou 

poudre, f. powder. 
poudre-dentifrice, f. tooth-pow- 
der. 
poudre de riz, f . face-powder. 
poule, f. hen. 
poulet, m. chicken. 
poupee, f. doll. 
pour, for. 
pourquoi, why. 
pourvu que, provided that. 
poussiere, f. dust. 
pouvoir, to be able, can. 

pre 

pre, m. meadow. 
preferer, to prefer. 
prendre, to take. 
preter, to lend. 
primevere, f. primrose. 
principal, -e, principal, main. 

pro 

probleme, m. problem. 
prochain, -e, nearest, next. 
professeur,m. professor, teacher. 
profiter, to profit, to gain. 
promenade, f. walk. 
propre, own, clean, proper. 
prudemment, prudently, wisely. 
prune, f. plum. 
public, public. 
pupitre, m. desk 



qua 



qualite, f. quality. 
quand, when. 
que, whom, that, which. 
quel, -le, what. 
quelquefois, sometimes. 
quoique, although, though. 



ra 

rabot, m. plane. 

raccommoder, to mend, to repair. 

radiateur, m. radiator. 

raisin, m. grape. 

raquette, f. racket. 

rarement, rarely, seldom. 

rat, m. rat. 

rayon, m. ray, beam, shelf. 

rayure, f. stripe. 

rasoir, m. razor. 

re 

recolte, f. harvest, crop. 
refaire, to do again. 
regarder, to look at. 
regie, f. rule, ruler. 
regler, to rule, to regulate. 
remarquer, to notice. 
remonter, to wind up. 
remporter, to carry away. 
renard, m. fox. 
rencontrer, to meet. 
rendre, to give back, to render. 
repentir, se — , to repent. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



233 



res 

reseda, m. mignonette. 
restaurant, m. restaurant. 
rester, to remain, to stay. 
retarder, to delay. 
reussir, to succeed, to prosper. 
reveiller, to awake. 
revoir, to meet again. 
riche, rich, wealthy. 
riviere, f. river. 
riz, m. rice. 

rob 

robe, f. gown, dress. 

rose, f. rose. 

rosier, m. rose-tree, rose-bush. 

roue, f wheel. 

rouge, red. 

rouge-gorge, m. redbreast, robin. 

route, f. road, way. 

ruban, m. ribbon. 

rubis, m. ruby. 

rue, f. street. 

ruisseau, m. brooks, gutter. 

sa 

sa, f. his, her, its. 

sac, m. sack, bag. 

sachet, m. scent-bag. 

saison, f, season. 

salade. f. salad. 

salle a manger, f. dining-room. 

salle de bain, f. bath-room. 

salon, m. parlor, drawing-room. 



san 



sang, m. blood. 
sans, without. 
saphir, m. sapphire. 
sardine, f. sardine. 
sarrasin, m. buckwheat, 
satin, m. satin. 



sau 



sauce, f. sauce. 

saucisse, f. sausage. 

sauvage, savage, wild. 

savoir, to know. 

savoir vivre, m. good manners. 

savon, m. soap. 

sei 

scie, f. saw. 
secheresse, f. dryness, 
seconde, f. second. 
seigle, m. rye. 
sel, m. salt. 
semaine. f. week. 
semer, to sow, to spread. 
sentiment, m. feeling, sensation, 
sentir. to feel, to smell. 



ser 



serge, f. serge. 
serin, m. canary-bird. 
serviette, f. napkin, towel. 
servir, to serve, to wait on. 
ses, his, her, its. 
seul, -e, one, alone. 
siecle, m. century. 



234 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



sir 

sirop, m. sirup. 
skung, m. skunk, 
soeur 7 f. sister. 
soie, f. silk. 
soir, m. evening. 
soleil, m. sun. 
sombre, dark, dull- 
son, his, her, its. 
sortir, to go out. 

SOU 

sou, m, cent 

souci, m, anxiety, care. 

Soulier, m. shoe. 

souper, m. supper, 

source, f. spring. 

sourcil, m, eye-brow, 

souris, f. mouse, 

sous traction, f. subtraction. 

statue, f. statue. 

sport, m. sport. 

sucre, m. sugar, 

sud, m. South. 

suivre, to follow. 

ta 

table, f. table. 

tableau, m. picture, — noir, 

blackboard. 
taffetas, m. taffeta. 
taille, f. waist, height. 
tailleur, ra. tailor. 
talent, m. talent, ability. 



tan 



tant, so much, so many. 

tante, f. aunt. 

tapis, m. carpet, rug. 

tard, late. 

tempe, f. temple. 

temps, m. time, weather. 

tenailles, f. pincers. 

tennis, m. tennis. 

terre, f. earth, land, ground. 

tete, f. head. 

theatre, m. theater. 

tige, f. stem. 

tissu, m. material, tissue. 

tci 

toile, f. linen, cloth. 

tomate, f. tomato. 

tomber, to fall, to fall down. 

ton, thy, 

toujours, always, ever. 

toupie, f. spinning-top, 

tour, m. turn, trick. 

tourner, to turn, to turn around. 

tourterelle, f. turtle-dove. 

tout, wholly, quite. 

tout, -e, all, whole, every. 

tout le monde, everybody. 



tra 



traduire, to translate, to inter- 
pret. 
train, m. train. 
tranche, f. slice. 
travail, m. labor, work. 
travailler, to work. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



235 



tre 

tres, very. 

trombone, m. trombone. 
trop, too much, too many. 
trottoir, m. sidewalk. 
trouver, to find, to find out. 
truite, f. trout. 
tuer, to kill, to slay. 
tulipe, f. tulip. 
tulle, m. tulle, net. 
turquoise, f. turquoise. ' 

va 

vache, f. COW. 
vallee, f. valley. 
vase, m. vase. 
veau, m. calf, veal. 
velours, m. velvet. 
vendre, to sell. 
venir, to come, to arrive. 
vent, m. wind. 

ver 

verre, m. glass. 
vers, toward, about. 
verser, to pour, to spill. 
vert, green. 
vertu, f. virtue. 
viande, f. meat. 
vice, m. vice, fault. 



vil 



village, m. village. 
ville, f. town, city. 
vin, m. wine. 
vinaigre, m. vinegar. 
violet, — te, violet. 
violette, f. violet. 
violon, m. violin. 
vis-a-vis, opposite. 
visiter, to visit. 
vison, m. american marten. 
vite, quickly, quick. 
vivre, to live. 



VOl 



voir, to see, to look at 

voisin, -e, neighbor. 

voiture, f. carriage. 

voix, f. voice. 

volaille, f. poultry, fowl. 

volontiers, willingly, gladly. 

votre, your. 

vouloir, to will, to be willing. 

voyager, to travel. 

vrai, -e, true, real. 

vraiment, truly, indeed. 

vu, seen. 

vue, f. sight. 



zibeline, f. sable, fur. 



□ 



236 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



VOCABULARY 
ENGLISH — FRENCH 



a, an, un, tine. 

able, capable, habile. 

to be able, pouvoir, 

about, environ, vers, 

absent, absent. 

to accompany, accompagner. 

act, acte, m. action, f, 

to act, agir. 

actor, acteur, m. 

aeroplane, aeroplane, m, 

af 

after, apres, 

afternoon, apres-midi, f . 

age, Sge, m. 

to agree, accorder, s'accorder. 

air, air, m. 

all, tout, toute, tous. 

alone, seul, -e. 

also, aussi. 

always, tou jours. 

ami 

amiable, aimable. 
animal, animal, m. 
ankle, cheville, f. (du pied). 
apple, pomme, f. 
apricot, abricot, m. 



ar 



arm, bras, m, 

around, autour de. 

to ask, demander, 

astrakhan, astracan, m. 

asparagus, asperge, f, 

at, k, dans. en. 

at once, tout de suite, sur le 

champ. 
attic, grenier, m. mansarde, f 
avenue, avenue, i. 



ba 



back, dos, m, 

bacon, lard, m. 

bad, mechant, -e, mauvais, -e. 

baker, boulanger, m. 

ball, balle, boule, f. 

barley, orge, f . 

basket, corbeille, f. panier, m 

to bathe, baigner. 



bea 



beach, plage, f. 

bean, haricot, m. 

bear, ours, m. 

beard, barbe, f. 

beast, bete, f. 

beautiful, beau, m. belle, f. 

because, parce que. 

to become, devenir. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



237 



bed 

bed, lit, m. 

bedroom, chambre a coucher, f. 

beet, betterave, f. 

before, avant. 

behind, derriere. 

bench, banc, m. 

better, meilleur, -e, mieux. 

big, gros, -se, grand, -e. 

billiards, billard, m. 

bird, oiseau, m. 

bla 

black, noir, — e. 
blackbird, merle, m. 
blackboard, tableau noir, m. 
blacksmith, forgeron, m. 
blood, sang, m. 

blotting-paper, papier buvard, m. 
blue, bleu, -e. 

bod 

bodkin, passe-lacet, m. 

body, corps, m. 

bone, os, m. 

book, livre, m. 

bottom, fond, m. 

boulevard, boulevard, m. 

bowl, bol, m. 

box, boite, f. 

boy, gargon, m. 

bracelet, bracelet, m. 

brain, cerveau, m. cervelle, f. 

esprit, m. 
branch, branche, f. 
brass, cuivre, m. 



bre 



bread, pain, m. 
to break, casser, rompre. 
breakfast, dejeuner, m. 
breast, poitrine, f. 
bride, mariee, f. 
to bring, apporter. 
brook, ruisseau, m. 
brother, frere, m. 
brown, brun. 



buc 



buckwheat, sarrasin, m. 
bud, bourgeon, bouton, m. 
to build, batir. 
bull, boeuf, m. 
bureau, commode, f. 
butcher, boucher, m. 
butler, maitre d'hotel, m. 
butter, beurre, m. 
butterfly, papillon, m, 
button, bouton, m. 



ca 



cabbage, chou, m. 
cage, cage, f. 
to call, appeler. 
cambric, batiste, f. 
canary, serin, m. 
can, pouvoir. 
cane, canne, f. 
carpenter, charpentier, m. 
carpet, tapis, m. carpette, f. 
carriage, voiture, f. 
carrion-crow, corneille, f. 
carrot, carotte, f. 



238 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



cat 

cat, chat, m. 

cattle, Detail, bestiaux, m. 
to cease, cesser. 
celebrated, celebre. 
cent, sou, m. 
century, siecle, m. 
chain, chaine, f. 
chair, chaise, f. 
charming, charmant, -e. 

che 

check, cheque, m. 

chest, poitrine, f. 

child, enfant. 

chin, menton, m. 

chop, cotelette, f. 

church, eglise, f. 

city hall, mairie, hotel de ville. 

to clean, nettoyer. 

clever, habile, adroit. 

cleverness, habilete, adresse, f. 

clo 

clock, horloge, pendule, f. 

to close, fermer. 

closet, armoire, f. 

cloth, drap, m. 

coat, habit, m. 

cold, froid, m. 

color, couleur, f. 

comb, peigne, m. 

to come, venir, arriver. 

to come back, revenir. 



com 



common, commun, -e. 
complete, complet. 
concert, concert, m. 
constantly, constamment 
cook, cuisinier. 
to cook, faire cuire, 

cuisine. 
copy-book, cahier, m. 
corn-flower, bleuet, m 
to cost, couter. 
costume, costume, m. 



faire la 



cou 



country, pays, m. campagne, f. 

courageous, courageux. 

cousin, cousin, -e. 

cow, vache, f. 

crochet, crochet, m. 

crow, corbeau, m. 

cuff, manchette, f. 

to cut, couper. 

dahlia, dahlia, m. 

dai 

daisy, marguerite, paquerette, f. 

dampness, humidite, f. 

dance, danse, f. 

dancer, danseur, m. 

to dare, oser. 

dark, obscur. 

daughter, fille, f. 

dead, mort, -e. 

dear, cher. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



239 



dec 

decanter, carafe, f. 
defect, defaut, m. 
delicious, delicieux, 
department, departement, 

rayon, m. 
desk, pupitre, m. 
diamond, diamant, m. 
dictionary, dictionnaire, m. 

din 

dining-room, salle a manger. 

dinner, diner, m. 

dirty, sale. 

dish, plat, m. 

to disturb, deranger. 

division, division, f. 

to do, faire. 

doctor, docteur, medecin. 

dog, chien, m. 

doll, poupee, f. 

domino, domino, m. 

door, porte, f. 

dou 

doubt, doute, m. 
dozen, douzaine, f. 
drawing, dessin, m. 
drawing-room, salon, m. 
dress, robe, f. 
to dress, habiller. 
dressmaker, couturiere, f. 
dryness, secheresse, f. 
duck, canard, m. 
during, pendant. 
dust, poussiere, f. 



ear 



ear, oreille, f. 

early, de bonne heure. 

ear of corn, epi, m. 

ear-ring, boucle d'oreille, 

earth, terre, f. 

East, est. 

to eat, manger. 

to educate, instruire. 

elder, aine, -e. 

elbow, coude, m. 

to embrace, embrasser. 

emerald, emeraude, f. 

English, anglais, -e. 

enough, assez. 
envelope, enveloppe, f. 
ermine, hermine, f. 
esteem, estime, f. 
evening, soir, m. 
evil, mal, m. calamite, f. 
ewe, brebis, f. 
excellent, excellent, -e 
exercise, exercice, m. 
to expect, attendre. 
extremity, extremite, f. 
eye, oeil, yeux, m. 
eyelash, cil, m. 



eno 



fac 



face, figure, f. visage, m. 
face-powder, poudre de riz, f. 
to fade, faner, fletrir. 
fairy, fee, f. 
faithful, fidele. 
to fall, tomber. 



240 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



fam 

family, farnille, f, 
far, loin. 
farewell, adieu. 
farm, ferme, f. 
farmer, fermier, m\ 
fashion, mode, f. 
to fast, jeuner, 
father, pere, m. 
fault, faute, f. 
fear, peur, f, 
to fetch, aller cherchen 
feeling, sentiment, ra^ 

fie 

field, champ, m. 

to fill, remplir, 

finger, doigt, iri. 

fire, feu, m. 

flannel, flanelle, f, 

flash of lightnings eclair, III- 

flax, lin, m. 

flour, farine, f. 

flower, fleur, f. 

flu 

flute, flute, f. 
to follow, suivre. 
food, nourriture, f. aliment, m. 
foolish, sot, imbecile- 
foot, pied, m. 
forehead, front, m, 
forest, foret, f. 
to forget, oublier, 
fork, fourchette, f. 



rou 



fountain, fontaine, f. 
fowl, volatile, f. 
fo%, renard, m. 
free, libre, gratuit. 
friend, ami, -e. 
friendship, amitie, i. 
fruit, fruit, m. 
fur, fourrure, f. 
furrier, fourreur, m, 



ga 



game, jeu, m. 

garden, jardin, m. 

garret, grenier, m. mansarde, f* 

to gather, cueillir. 

generally, generalement. 

gentle, doux, aimable. 

geography, geographie, f, 

geranium, geranium, m, 

giraffe, girafe, f, 

girl, fille, i. 

to give, donner, 

to give back, rendre. 



glass, verre, m, 
glove, gant, in- 
to go, aller. 
goat, chevre, f* 
goddaughter, ftlleule, f. 
godfather, parrain, f. 
godmother, marraine, L 
godson, filleul, m. 
good, bon, — ne. 
good-bye, au revoir. 



gla 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



241 



gra 

grammar, graffimaire, f, 

grape, raisin, m. 

green, vert. -e. 

grey. gris. -e. 

grocer, epicier, ill, 

to guarantee, garantir. 

guitar, guitare, f. 

gum, gomme, gencive, f. 

gun, fusil, m> 

gymnastics, gyimnastique. 



hail, grele, f. 
hair, cheveu, ill. 
hall, corridor, m. 
ham, jambon, m. 
hamlet, hameau, m, 
hammer, marteau, m. 
hand, main, f. 
hand-bag. sac. ill, 
handkerchief, mouchoir, m. 
handsome, beau. 

hap 

happy, heureux, 

harp, harpe, f. 

harvest, recolte, f. 

hat, chapeau, m. 

hay, foin, m. 

head, tete, f. 

headache, mal a la tete. 

headwaiter, maitre d'hotel. 

heat, chaleur, f. 

height, hauteur, f. 



hem 



hemp, chanvre, m. 
hen, poule, f. 
here, ici. 
high, haut, -e. 
hill, cote, colline. t. 
hip, hanche, f. 
history, histoire, f. 



hon 



honesty, honnetete. f, 
hook, crochet, m, 
horse, cheval, m. 
horse-shoe, fer a cheval m. 
hour, heure, f. 
house, maison, f. 
how much, combien. 
to hire, louer. 
hunter, chasseur, m. 
husband, mari, m. 



ice 



ice, glace. h 

idleness, paresse, oisivete, f, 

illustrious, illustre. 

immediately, immediatement. 

in, dans- 

to inaugurate, inaugurer. 

india-rubber, gomme, f. 

industrious, industrieux, 

initial, initiate, f. 

inside, dedans, interieur, m. 

instrument, instrument, m 

intelligent, intelligent, -e. 

into, dans. 

to invite, inviter. 



242 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



jam 

jam, confiture. 
jewel, bijou, m. 
jeweler, bijoutier, m. 
jonquil, jonquille, f. 
just, juste. 
justly, justement. 
to kill, tuer. 

kin 

kind, sorte. 

to kiss, embrasser. 

kitchen, cuisine, f . 

knee, genou, m. 

knife, couteau, m. 

to knock, frapper, heurter. 

to know, connaitre, savoir. 

lac 

lace, dentelle, f. 
lady's maid, femme de 

chambre. f. 
lake, lac, m. 
landscape, paysage. 
language, langage, m. langue, f. 
large, grand, gros. 
late, tard. 
Latin, latin, m. 
to laugh, rire. 

laundress, blanchisseuse, f. 
to lead, conduire, diriger. 
leaf, feuille, f. 
to learn, apprendre. 
to leave, laisser, quitter. 



lef 



left, gauche, f. 

leg, jambe, f. 

lemon, citron, m. 

to lend, preter. 

length, longueur, f. 

lesson, legon, f. 

letter, lettre, f. 

to lie, mentir. 

to lie down, se coucher. 

to light, allumer. 

to like, aimer. 



hi 



lilac, lilas, m. 

lily-daffodil, lis, m. 

lily of the valley, muguet, ra. 

linen, linge, m. lingerie, f. 

lining, doublure f. 

lion ; lion, f. 

lioness, lionne, f. 

little, petit, -e. 

to live, vivre. 

lobster, homard, m. 

log, buche, f. 

long time, longtemps. 

to look, regarder. 

loser, perdant, m. 

low, bas, -se. 



mag 



magnificent, magnifique. 

magpie, pie, f. 

to make, faire. 

to make acquaintance, 

faire connaissance. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



243 



man 

to make haste, se depecher. 
man, homme, in. 
mandolin, mandoline, f. 
manner, maniere, f. 
marble, marbre, m. bille, f. 
mare, jument, f. 
marigold, souci, m. 
marten, martre, f. 



mat 

material, etoffe, f. tissu, m. 

mayor, maire, m. 

meadow, prairie, f. 

meal, repas, m. 

measure, mesure, f. 

meat, viande, f. 

to meet, rencontrer. 

melon, melon, m. 

to mend, raccommoder. 



mig 

mignonette, reseda, m. 

milk, lait, m. 

milliner, modiste, f. 

mink, vison, m. 

minute, minute, f. 

mistake, faute, erreur, f. 

money, argent, m. monnaie, f. 

monument, monument, m. 

month, mois, m. 

moon, lune, f. 

more, plus, davantage. 



mor 

morning, matin, m. 
moss, mousse, f. 
mother, mere, f. 
motor-car, automobile, f . 
mouse, souris, f. 
moustache, moustache, f. 
mouth, bouche, f. 
mower, faucheur, m. 
mud, boue, f. 
muff, manchon, m. 
multiplication, multiplication, f. 
museum, musee, m. 
music, musique, f. 
musician, musicien, m. 
musicienne, f. 

nai 

nail, clou, m. 
napkin, serviette, f. 
naughty, mechant, -e. 
neat, propre, soigne. 
neck, cou, m. 
necklace, collier, m. 
necktie, cravate, f. 
needle, aiguille, f. 

nei 

neighbor, voisin, m. voisine, f. 

nephew, neveu, m. 

net, filet, m. 

never, jamais. 

next, prochain. 

nice, gentil, agreable. 

niece, niece, f. 

night, nuit, f. 

no, non. 



244 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



noj 

noisy, bruyant. 
nose, nez, m. 
nosegay, bouquet, m. 
not, ne — pas. 
notice, notice, f. avis, m. 
nurse, infirmiere, bonne 
d'enfant. 



oat 

oats, avoine, f. 

to oblige, obliger. 

ocean, ocean, m. mer, f. 

odious, odieux, detestable. 

to offend, offenser. 

oil, huile, f. 

olive, olive, f. 

oldest, plus age. 

omelet, omelette, f . 

orange, orange, f. 

orchestra, orchestre, m. 

ordinary, ordinaire. 

organ, orgue, m. 

other, autre. 

ox, boeuf, m. 

ox -tongue, langue de boeuf, f. 

oyster, huitre, f. 



pac 

package, paquet, colis, m. 
page, page, f. 
pansy, pensee, f. 
panther, panthere, f. 
pantry, office, f- 



pap 

paper, papier, m. 
parent, parent, m. 
parrot, perroquet, m. 

perruche, f. 
part, partie, f. 
partridge, perdrix, f. 
pattern, patron, dessin, m. 
to pass, passer. 
to pay, payer. 

pea 

peach, peche, f. 
pear, poire, f. 
pearl, perle, f. 
peas, pois, m. 
pen, plume, f. 
pencil, crayon, m. 
penholder, porte-plume. m. 
penknife, canif, m. 
pepper, poivre, m. 

per 

perfume, parfum, m. 

petticoat, jupon, m. 

piano, piano, m. 

pickax, pioche, f. 

piece, morceau, m. 

pig, pore, m. 

pigeon, pigeon, m. 

physician, medecin, m. 

pin, epingle, f. 

pincers, pince, f. tenailles, f. pi. 

pin-cushion, pelote a epingles, f. 

pineapple, ananas, m. 

pistol, pistolet, m. 

pitchfork, fourche, f. 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



245 



pla 

place, place, f. endroit, m. 

plant, plante, f. 

plate, assiette, f. 

to play, jouer. 

player, joueur, m. 

playing card, carte a jouer, f. 

plaything, jouet, joujou, m. 

please, s'il vous plait. 

pleasure, plaisir, m. 

plow, charrue, f. 

plum, prune, f. 

pocket, poche, f. 

pocket-book, porte-monnaie, m. 

polite, poli, *e. 

politeness, politesse, f. 

pond, etang, m. 

poor, pauvre. 

pos 

possible, possible. 

potato, porame de terre, f. 

pound, livre, f . 

to prefer, preferer. 

prettier, plus joli. 

pretty, joli, -e. 

pride, orgueil, m. fierte, f. 

primrose, primevere, f. 

principal, principal, -e. 

problem, probleme, m. 

professor, professeur. 

provided that, pourvu que, 

public, public, m. publique, f. 

puff, houppe. 

to pull, tirer. 

pupil, eleve. 

purple, violet — te* 

purse, bourse, f. 

qua 

quality, qualite, f. 
quickly, vite, rapidement. 
quite, tout a fait. 



rab 



rabbit, lapin, .m. 
race, race, f. 
racket, raquette, f. 
radiator, radiateur. 
rain, pluie, f. 
to rain, pleuvoir. 
rarely, rarement. 
raspberry, framboise, f. 
razor, rasoir, m. 
to read, lire. 
reading, lecture, f, 
to recite, reciter. 
red, rouge. 



reg 



regulate, regler. 

relative, parent, m. 

to rely, compter sur. 

to remain, rester. 

to remodel, refaire. 

to repent, repentir, 

ribbon, ruban, rcu 

rice, riz, m. 

rich, riche. 

riding, equitation, f. 

right, droit, -e 

ring, bague, f. 

ripe, mur, -e. 

river, riviere, 1 ,fleuve, m. 

roa 

road, route, f. 

robin, rouge-gorge, ill. 

roll, rouleau, m. 

room, chambre, salle, piece, f. 

rooster, coq, m* 

rose, rose, f. 

rose-bush, rosier, m. 

ruby, rubis, m. 

rug, tapis, m. 

ruler, regie, f. 

to rust, rouiller. 

rye, seigle, m. 



246 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



sab 

sable, zibeline. f. 

salad, salade, f. 

salt, sel, m. 

sapphire, saphir, m. 

sardine, sardine, f. 

satin, satin, m. 

sauce, sauce, f. 

sausage, saucisse, f. 

savage, sauvage. 

saw, scie, f. 

scarcely, a peine, rarement. 

scarf, echarpe, f. 

scent-bag sachet, m. 

school, ecole, f. 

scissors, ciseaux, m. pL 

to scold, gronder. 

sea 

sea, mer, f. ocean, m. 

sea-gull, mouette. 

season, saison, f. 

to seat, asseoir, s'asseoir. 

second, second, deuxieme. 

to see, voir. 

seldom, rarement. 

self-respect, amour-propre, m. 

to sell, vendre. 

sentence, phrase, f. 

serge, serge, f. 

servant, serviteur, m. servante, f . 

to serve, servir. 

set, service, m. parure, f. 

sew 

to sew, coudre. 

sewing silk, soie a coudre, f. 

shade, nuance, f. 

shape, forme, f. 

sheep, mouton, m. 

sheet of paper, f euille de papier, f . 

to shelter, abriter. 

to shine, briller. 

shoe, Soulier, m. chaussure, f. 

to shoot, tirer 



sho 



shop, boutique, f. 

shopping, emplettes, f. pi. 

shore, rivage, m. plage, f. 

shoulder, epaule, f. 

shower, averse, f. 

to shut, fermer. 

side, cote, m. 

sidewalk, trottoir, m. 

silk, soie, f. 

silly, fou. 

similar, semblable, pareil. 



sin, peche, m. 
to sing, chanter. 
singing, chant, m. 
sister, soeur, f. 
to sit, asseoir, s'asseoir. 
skating, patinage, m. 
skin, peau, f. 
skirt, jupe, f. 
skittle, quille, f. 
skunk, skung, m. 
sky, ciel, m. 
slate, ardoise, f. 

slice, tranche, f. 
slipper, pantoufle, f. 
slow, lent, -e. 
small, petit, -e. 
to smell, sentir. 
smelling-bottle, flacon, m. 
snow, neige, f. 
soap, savon, m. 
sock, chaussette, f. 
sofa, sofa, divan, m. 
sometimes, quelquefois. 
son, fils, m. 
song, chanson, f. 
soon, bientot. 
sore, douloureux. 
soul, ame, f. 
soup, soupe, f. 



sin 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



247 



SOU 

sour, sur, aigre 

sorrow, chagrin, m. douleur, f . 

South, sud, m. 

spade beche, f. 

sparrow, moineau, m. 

spelling, orthographe. f, 

spinach, epinard, m. 

spinning, filage, rm 

spool, bobine, f. 

spoon, cuiller, f, 

sport, sport, m. 

spring, printemps, m. 

square, place, f. 

standing, debout. 

star, etoile, f. 

statue, statue, f. 

stature, stature, taille, f. 

stem, tige, f. 

still, encore, tranquille, 

sto 

stocking, bas, m. 
stomach, estomac, m. 
store, magasin, m. 
storm, orage, m. 
straw, paille, f. 
strawberry, fraise, f. 
street, rue, f. 
stroll, tour, m. 
subtraction, soustractiom f. 
to succeed, reussir, 
sugar, Sucre, m, 
sun, solei], m, 
supper, souper, m. 
to surprise, surprendre. 
sweet, doux, m, douce, f. 
swallow, hirondelle, f. 
to swallow, avaler. 
syrup, sirop, m. 

tab 

table, table, m. 
table-cloth, nappe, f. 
taffeta, taffetas, m. 



tai 

tailor, tailleur, m. 

to take, prendre. 

to take away, emporter. 

talent, taient. m. 

tall, grand, haut 

task, devoir, m. tache, f. 

teacher, instituteur, m. institu- 

trice, f. 
to tell, dire. 
temper, caractere, m. 
temple, tempe, f. 
term, terme, m. 
to thank, remercier. 
that, ce, cet, cette. 
theatre, theatre. 
their, leur, leurs, 
there, la. 
these, ces. 
thick, epais, — se, 
thimble, de, m 
thing, chose, f. 
to think, penser. 
this, ce, cet, cette, 

tho 

those, Ces. 
thread, fil, m, 
to throw, jeter. 
thunder, tonnerre, m. 
time, temps, m. 
to tie, nouer. 
toast, pain grille, m, 
to-day, aujourd'hui. 
together, ensemble, 
tomato, tomate, f. 
to-morrow, demain, 
tongue, langue, f. 
too, aussi. 
tooth, dent, f. 
tower, tour, L 
town, ville, f. 
to translate, traduire, 
to travel, voyager. 
to tremble, trembler. 



248 



PREPARATORY FRENCH COURSE 



tre 

tree, arbre, m. 

trick, tour, m. duperie, f. 

trimming, garniture, f . 

trombone, trombone, f. 

trousers, pantalon, m. 

trout, truite, f. 

true, vrai, -e. 

truly, vraiment. 

trunk, malle, f. 

tulip, tulipe, f. 

tulle, tulle, m. 

turkey, dindon, m. dinde, f. 

to turn, tourner. 

turnip, navet, m. 

turquoise, turquoise, f. 

twin, jumeau, m. jumelle, f. 

un 

uncle, oncle, m. 

to undo, defaire. 

to unpack, deballer, depaqueter. 

to use, se servir, employer. 

useful, utile. 

useless, inutile. 

va 

valley, vallee, f. 
vase, vase, m. 
veal, veau, m. 
vegetable, legume, m, 
velvet, velours, m. 
very, tres. 

vestibule, vestibule, m. 
vice, vice, m. 
village, village, m. 
vinegar, vinaigre, m. 
violet, violette, f. 
violin, violon, m. 
virtue, vertu, f. 
to visit, visiter. 
voice, voix, f. 
waiter, gargon, m. 
walk, promenade, f. 
walking-stick, canne, f. 



wall, mur, m. 

to want, vouloir. 

wardrobe, ar moire, f. 

watch, montre, f. 

water, eau, f. 

way, chemin, m. 

to wear, porter. 

week, semaine, f. 

well, bien. 

West, ouest, m. 

what, que, quoi. 

wheat, ble, m. 

wheel-barrow, brouette, f. 

where, ou. 

white blanc, m. blanche, f. 

who, qui. 

width, largeur, f. 

wife, femme, f. 

wild, sauvage. 

wild-poppy, coquelicot, m. 

willingly, vol on tiers. 

wind, vent, m. 

window, fenetre, f. 

to wind up, remonter. 

wine, vin, m. 

winner, gagnant, m. 

to wish, desirer, souhaiter. 

wit esprit, m. 

without, sans. 

wolf, loup, m. 

woman, femme, f. 

wood, bois, m. 

wood-cutter, bucheron, m. 

wool, laine, f. 

to work, travailler. 

wrist, poignet, m. 

yard, metre, m. cour, f. 

year, annee, f. 

yellow, jaune. 

yes, oui. 

yesterday, hier. 

yet, encore. 

young, jeune. 



wal 



ya 



